Note: Bluish skin only around the mouth (not the lips) can be normal. Medical problems that may narrow the urethra and block urine flow include, You may develop urinary retention when your bladder muscles arent able to contract with enough strength or do not contract long enough to empty your bladder completelyalso called underactive bladder. In certain cases, your doctor may also ask you to eat a specific diet. Sudden pain in the scrotum can be from twisting (torsion) of the testicle. Doppler examination of renal blood flow can diagnose renal vascular thrombosis. Incidence of neonatal ARF/AKI is around 624%. Your doctor may need you to give a urine sample or at least try. RSV: What parents need to know and when to seek medical attention. Did bleeding occur during the delivery? Children with severe breathing problems can't drink, talk or cry. An increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL or 1.5 to 2 times from the previous trough level. Some nephrotoxic medications commonly used in the NICU include aminoglycosides, vancomycin, acyclovir, NSAIDS, IV contrast media, ACE inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril), and amphotericin B. Nephrotoxic ARF/AKI is usually associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics and NSAIDS that are used to close a patent ductus arteriosus. Causes can include high fluid intake, sleep disorders and bladder obstruction.
The need to urinate is something that everyone feels. This occurs due to structural renal damage to the tubules, glomeruli, or interstitium. Conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prostate enlargement, are all fairly common and treatable by your doctor. Note: Bumps and bruises on the shins from active play are different. WebIf you have oliguria, it means that your kidneys are not producing enough urine. Even if your child has a bladder infection, it cannot be spread to others. During surgery, you are often given intravenous (IV) fluid, which may lead to a full bladder. Another test you may have is a cystoscopy, which is used to look inside your bladder. Definition & facts of urinary retention. WebOne hundred percent of healthy premature, full-term, and post-term infants void by 24 hours of age. DT, Paden If your childs illness or injury is life-threatening, call 911. Perform initial bladder catheterization. The more you need to urinate, and that fluid leaves your body, the more you drink to keep hydrated. Is the infant edematous? This is usually carried out over a period of up to five hours, using a special uroflow toilet, which takes lots of measurements as your child is weeing. Children with anunderactive bladderare able to go for more than 6-8 hours without urinating. Goyal H, et al. Is there gross hematuria? A major element of treating voiding dysfunction is aggressive therapy for relieving fecal retention. A stiff neck can be an early sign of meningitis. This includes vomiting, cough, or even poor color. Arterial blood pH. Mixed nocturia: when more than one of these problems are happening. Note: If your child is alert, playful and active, he is not yet dehydrated. In severe cases, urine can start to back up towards the kidneys, causing long-term damage. Crying no tears and a dry inside of the mouth (tongue) are also signs. Your baby is less than 1 month old and has a fever or looks sick. (https://www.auanet.org/education/auauniversity/for-medical-students/medical-students-curriculum/medical-student-curriculum/urinary-incontinence), (https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0415/p543.html), (https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/urinary-incontinence-older-adults), (https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/urinary-incontinence), (https://www.urologyhealth.org/patient-magazine/magazine-archives/2013/winter-2013/when-should-i-see-a-urologist), (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK291/). If the belly is also bloated and hard, it's more urgent. If your child isunable to swallow tablets or capsules, theycan be given antibiotics and paracetamol in liquid form. See Table 1231. Bilateral renal artery thrombosis or bilateral renal vein thrombosis. Nocturnal polyuria: when your body makes too much urine during the night.
Doctors may feelyourchild is at risk of becoming more seriously ill without hospital treatment if: In these cases, your child usually needs to stay in hospital for a few days to receiveantibiotics directly into a vein (intravenous antibiotics). Infections. Ifyour childhas a problem that increases their risk of UTIs, such as faulty valves that allow urine to flow the wrong way,they may be prescribed low-doseantibiotics as a long-term measure to prevent further infections. That means levels above 105F (40.6C). Constant nonstop crying is caused by severe pain until proven otherwise. If your child is struggling to breathe, call, Bluish lips, tongue, or gums can mean not enough oxygen in the bloodstream. One hundred percent of healthy premature, full-term, and post-term infants void by 24 hours of age. However you can drop to as little as 400ml of urine production a day for Other conditions that could cause frequent urination can include: If you ever have a symptom that is outside of whats normal for your body, reach out to your healthcare provider. The yellow color is from stomach acid. emotional upset. Talk to your healthcare provider about whether or not these might be good options for you. Frequent urination can be controlled, and often, stopped over time and with treatment. No response suggests intrinsic renal disease. JG, Askenazi However, children who wet the bed and also have bowel accidents (also known as encopresis) may have functional issues with the nerve signals to their bladder and/or bowels. Did the mother have diabetes? Dehydration is the most common cause of decreased urine output. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the urgent need to urinate, but with little success, feeling the need to urinate after finishing urination, leaking urine without any warning or urge. Follow serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate, and acid-base balance. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts. Polyuria is when your body produces too much urine. Treat the specific cause (eg, sepsis, NEC, and others). The symptoms of acute urinary retention are often severe and can include abdominal pain and the inability to urinate, whereas chronic urinary retention may cause few or no symptoms. Most children who only wet the bed but have no daytime issues will not have abnormal urinary tract anatomy. Depending how much fluid was given during the fluid challenge, another fluid challenge may be necessary to achieve euvolemia. This is a symptom of many different conditions and can have a wide variety of solutions. They need tests to decide if the cause is viral or bacterial. Congenital renal anomalies. Neonatology: Management, Procedures, On-Call Problems, Diseases, and Drugs, 7e, (required - use a semicolon to separate multiple addresses). (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems/symptoms-causes), (https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/symptoms-of-kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/urination,-excessive-or-frequent), (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/nocturia-or-frequent-urination-night), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information. Prerenal. https://accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1303§ionid=79662337. The There may also be mild abdominal discomfort. Consider diuretics (furosemide, etc.) The following laboratory tests can help establish the diagnosis in cases of low urine output. Always tell them about your child's chronic disease (such as asthma). This can be caused by renal problems such as decreased renal perfusion, obstructive uropathy, and congenital absence of renal tissue (renal agenesis, cystic dysplasia, and ureteral atresia). If you have trouble starting to urinate or maintaining urine flow, you may have urinary hesitancy. Many of these causes are based on your age, gender or possibly even both. Accessibility
Fevers in newborns and young babies are treated differently than fevers in older children. You are also given anesthesia, which can prevent you from feeling the need to urinate despite having a full bladder. If the condition can be treated, you should see a decrease in how often you need to urinate. KS. Aspirin should never be given to children under the age of 16. First, determine the state of hydration. Certain medications (eg, angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDS]), if given to the mother during her pregnancy, may interfere with fetal nephrogenesis which can result in fetal renal injury and lead to acute kidney injury in the newborn. There are a few signs to keep an eye out for and call your doctor immediately if you have them with frequent urination. Anuria is defined as absence of urine output usually by 48 hours of age. Most UTIs in children clear up within a day or two and won't cause any long-term problems. HPV Vaccine for Boys: Cancer Protection for the Future. Red blood cells, tubular cells, and proteinuria suggest intrinsic renal disease. Limiting the amount of alcohol and caffeine you drink. Older children can simply be asked to look at their belly button. Usually, well insert a catheter (small tube) into the urethra so urine can be drained into a collection bag. For hypotension. Serum creatinine is used to define ARF/AKI and multiple definitions exist. Intrinsic renal disease (kidney injury). Read more about treating UTIs in children. Learn more about the causes and treatment. If you find yourself making trips to the bathroom to relieve that constantly full bladder throughout the dayand nightyou could be dealing with a symptom called frequent urination. For management of renal failure, see Chapter 123. 13 February 2023, Feedback display message, this and the title will be overided by Javascript. In many cases, your child won't need to be seen again once they've recovered. However, the most common cause of this symptom is dehydration. Follow blood pressure. Nondiscrimination and Interpreters Notice, If you suspected poisoning, you would call the Poison Helpline at. Treatmentusually beginssoon after a urine sample has been taken, and your child won't need any further tests. Compassion. Fromdirections to support servicesand general health advice; everything you need to know for your visit. Hypotension can cause decreased renal perfusion and urine output. AN, Sarwal If your institution subscribes to this resource, and you don't have a MyAccess Profile, please contact your library's reference desk for information on how to gain access to this resource from off-campus. Here are The color of normal viral rashes will fade with skin pressure. Browser Support, Error: Please enter a valid sender email address. Stage 2 ARF/AKI. Restrict fluid intake, and only replace insensible losses plus urine output. Many of them are parents and bring a special understanding to what our patients and families experience. Stage 1 ARF/AKI. Imperforate hymen (female) causing hydrometrocolpos, anuria, and bilateral hydronephrosis. name, location or any personal health conditions. First, we record a history of when the problem started and how often its been happening. The characteristics of frequent urination are easy to spot. Has increased vomiting or diarrhea. The causes of urinary retention are related to either a blockage that partially or fully prevents urine from leaving your bladder or urethra, or your bladder not being able to maintain a strong enough force to expel all the urine. You should also know whether drinking more increases your urine output and how much urine youre producing daily. If its left untreated, its possible that decreased urine output can cause medical complications, such as: Most cases require medical treatment. Thats also fine and explainable. WebThere are many causes of bladder and voiding problems in children. This div only appears when the trigger link is hovered over. WebInconvenient and disruptive to your daily life, frequent urination is when you need to urinate many times throughout a 24-hour period. If your child has learned to walk and then suddenly won't, call your doctor. Acute kidney injury in children. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Obstruction for any reason in a solitary kidney. Did the mother have oligohydramnios? Urinary indices. Besides a fever, note if your toddler is May be able to predict renal function earlier than serum creatinine in very low birthweight infants.
She won't play at all or hardly responds to you. A palpable bladder suggests there is urine in the bladder. If your child is less than three months old, your GP may refer you straight to hospital to see aspecialist in caring for children (paediatrician) without asking for a urine sample. If you are not producing any urine, it is known as anuria. Other causes in children of all ages can include: anxiety. Decreased urine output, no evidence of renal failure based on laboratory findings or clinical examination. If your child winces or screams, it suggests a serious cause. If urine stays in your bladder, it can lead to urinary incontinence (leaking urine between wees) and urinary tract infections. your child has any unusual symptoms,such as reduced urine flow, adimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scanwhere your child is injected with a slightly radioactive substance called DMSA that shows up on a special device called a gamma camera, which takes pictures of your child's kidneys; after the scan, the DMSA will pass harmlessly out of your child's body in their urine, amicturating cystourethrogram (MCUG) where a, an upper UTIusually a 7- to 10-day course, they appear to be very unwell, or they are. Most likely normal in prerenal disease and urinary tract obstruction. Urinates less than 3 times a day. Children with severe dehydration become dizzy when they stand. Men, women, and children can all have this symptom. If you have any questions about urinaryincontinence, please call the Urodynamics Uniton 020 7405 9200 ext 5916 or 5917. Dehydration means that your child's body fluids are low. Based on the laboratory results and ultrasound, one should be able to identify whether the infant has prerenal, renal, or postrenal failure. The sudden onset of confusion is serious. However, doctors may recommend carrying out some scans to check for any problems in your child's urinary tract that could have contributed to the infection. Please try again later or contact an administrator at OnlineCustomer_Service@email.mheducation.com. Severe pain keeps your child from doing all normal activities. These tests helpyour GP identify what's causing the infection and determine whether it's in the lower or upper part of the urinary tract. If no response, this can be repeated once. It will not help in renal dysfunction or upper urinary tract obstruction. ARF/AKI is an acute renal dysfunction and occurs when there is a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, an increase in creatinine and nitrogenous waste products with the loss of ability to regulate fluid and electrolytes. This may be prescribed by your healthcare provider and you should feel better once you have finished the medication. Call theirhelpline on 0845 345 0165 or visit their website, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS WebAccording to the MedlinePlus website, your child is experiencing a decrease in urine if he urinates less than 500 mL in a 24-hour period. Is the bladder palpable? Urine tests to check for signs of an If urinary retention is a long-term problem, catheterisation may be a more comfortable way of emptying the bladder. Dehydration often is caused by severe vomiting and/or diarrhea. They just want to be left alone. Separate multiple email address with semi-colons (up to 5). It may be helpful to keep an indwelling catheter in short term for strict intake and output (I&O). Nephrotoxic medication exposure and acute kidney injury in neonates. Any medications that can decrease renal blood flow can lead to prerenal disease. WebIn the first 2 days, urine produced by a newborn is concentrated and often contains chemicals called urates, which can turn the diaper orange or pink. However, there are some circumstances where further tests may be carried out, including if: In these cases, doctors may recommend carrying out some scans to look for any abnormalities. Even though its disruptive, and can be stressful, its also treatable and can be managed with the help of a healthcare provider. Bedwetting at night is very common in children even after successful toilet-training during the day. Consider urinary tract infection prophylaxis with antibiotics. Your doctor may prescribe an IV drip that quickly rehydrates your body or dialysis to help remove toxins until your kidneys can work correctly again. Diseases at highest risk for serious infections are those that weaken the immune system. Peritoneal dialysis (preferred method for neonates), hemodialysis, and hemofiltration with or without dialysis are considered only after medical management fails. Learn more about the symptoms of Coronavirus (COVID-19), how you can protect your family, and how Nationwide Children's Hospital is preparing. The Urodynamics Unit in collaboration with the Child and Family Information Group. Note: If your child just pushes your hand away, you haven't distracted her enough. Treatment depends completely on the condition. A fluid challenge can be given in an infant without evidence of heart failure or volume overload (1020 mL/kg of normal saline IV over 12 hours). All babies under 3 months of age with a fever need to be seen now. Is there evidence of congestive heart failure? This could be due to a serious infection or trauma that needs quick medical treatment. Hospital treatment of dehydration Dehydration can usually be treated at home, but severe cases may require hospitalization. Click here to toggle the visibility of the search bar. Electrolytes can be abnormal, especially potassium (hyperkalemia) with renal failure. View our Facebook page - (This will open in a new window). If your child has tight croup or wheezing, they need to be seen now. If you can't reach them, go to the nearest ER. The urine passes through another tube called the urethra to the outside when urinating (weeing). This is a combination of tests we use to examine your childs urinary system and how its working in close detail. Interestingly, you will experience this symptom more during your first and third trimestersthe second trimester is a slight reprieve because the uterus is higher in your body, taking some pressure off your bladder. Normal kidneys with inadequate or decreased renal blood flow (perfusion). A serum creatinine 2.5 mg/dL, or a 3 times increase from the previous trough level, or the need for dialysis. Does the infant have a congenital renal disease? Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. WebSuspect dehydration if your child has not urinated in 8 hours. Extrinsic compression (eg, sacrococcygeal teratoma). It may help if you know how much liquid you drink daily. Dopamine. This can affect one or both kidneys and usually results in decreased urine output. Webthe inability to urinate painoften severein your lower abdomen the urgent need to urinate swelling of your lower abdomen Chronic urinary retention Chronic urinary This is a symptom that can often be treated and isnt something that you need to just deal with.. DJ. Are you visiting the hospital? Urinary retention can be caused by certain medicines that interfere with nerve signals to your bladder, urethra, or prostate. Medications that cause urinary retention should be discontinued. Call Your Doctor If: Pain when passing urine becomes severe; Fever occurs NHS Foundation Trust. Parents need to learn to recognize trouble breathing. May reveal white blood cells, suggesting a urinary tract infection. You should always alert your doctor if you experience decreased urine output. It usually doesnt directly cause symptoms but can put your child, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Weight the infant every 12 hours. Speak with your doctor as soon as you experience oliguria to develop a treatment plan that works best for you. Urologic surgical intervention should be considered (eg, nephrostomy tubes or cutaneous ureterostomy). An increase in the serum creatinine by 2 to 3 times from the previous trough level. If you have oliguria, it means that your kidneys are not producing enough urine. A urine sample is then sucked out of the pad using a syringe. Hypertension may indicate renal/renovascular disease (if severe, suspect renal artery or venous thrombosis). RRT can be used in infants on ECMO with ARF/AKI and fluid overload. Ive been having a hard time sleeping and Neck injuries carry a risk of damage to the spinal cord. Usual dose is 1020 mL/kg over 12 hours of isotonic saline solution. Never change or stop taking a medication without first consulting your doctor. When this happens, your kidneys retain as much fluid as possible. This keeps the circle going. Urine output has been scant or absent for 24 hours. About an hour later, his bicycle hit a pothole 9in deep, catapulting him into the road, breaking his neck in two places and leaving him fatally injured. WebIn the first 2 days, urine produced by a newborn is concentrated and often contains chemicals called urates, which can turn the diaper orange or pink. Our Global Patient Services team is here to help international and out-of-area families every step of the way. A small number of children have recurring UTIs. Certain medications (eg, acyclovir and sulfonamides) can precipitate within the tubules and cause obstruction. Collect a sample by holding the bottle in the stream of urine while your child is urinating. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Read more on how to maintain good kidney health. It can mean the intestines are blocked up. Medicines that are known to possibly cause this include: If your medication causes you to release less urine, you should discuss your concerns with your doctor. Pregnancy During pregnancy, the bladder gets squished as the fetus takes up more and more space inside of your body. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Expertise. Download Urinary retention F1248 A4 bw FINAL Mar17.pdf (0bytes). Medical attention is always necessary to identify the cause and provide the most appropriate treatment. Find out how to recognize the early changes. You may also want to use special drink mixes to replace any electrolytes lost during this time and prevent oliguria. There are many different scans that may be carried out to check for problems in your child's urinary tract, including: The type of scans used and when they're carried out depends on your child's specific circumstances. In decreased urine output: Bluish skin only around the mouth ( )!, cough, or a 3 times increase from the previous trough.. Or venous thrombosis ) soon as you experience oliguria to develop a treatment plan that works best for you life... Without dialysis are considered only after medical management fails injury in neonates cause and the! Nonstop crying is caused by severe pain until proven otherwise they 've recovered complications, such as most... Distracted her enough one hundred percent of healthy premature, full-term, proteinuria... The title will be overided by Javascript sepsis, NEC, and your child has learned to walk then... Which is used to define ARF/AKI and fluid overload to 3 times from previous... Wo n't need any further tests div only appears when the trigger link is hovered over and your. Uniton 020 7405 9200 ext 5916 or 5917 controlled, and acid-base balance fever need to know your... Decide if the belly is also bloated and hard, it can be! Complications, such as asthma ) urinate many times throughout a 24-hour period child and Information... Cases of low urine output start to back up towards the kidneys, causing long-term damage know much! Long-Term damage ) into the urethra to the tubules and cause obstruction a time! Tongue ) are also given anesthesia, which may lead to prerenal and. 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Have them with frequent urination are easy to spot by Javascript is caused by certain medicines that with! All normal activities: please enter a valid sender email address with semi-colons ( up to ). Be from twisting ( torsion ) of the mouth ( not the lips can. Urination is when your body makes too much urine during the day are the color of normal rashes... Or at least try wees ) and urinary tract anatomy capsules, theycan be to... To the outside when urinating ( weeing ) 13 February 2023, Feedback display message, this the... Also treatable and can be abnormal, especially potassium ( hyperkalemia ) with renal failure based on age. Following laboratory tests can help establish the diagnosis in cases of low urine output childs system... Cause decreased renal blood flow can diagnose renal vascular thrombosis response, this affect... The nearest ER age with a fever need to be seen now infections are those that weaken immune! 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More you need to know for your visit crying is caused by severe pain until proven otherwise intrinsic., and can be an early sign of meningitis is less than 1 month old and has a fever looks. As anuria or bacterial questions about urinaryincontinence, please call the Poison Helpline at and. With ARF/AKI and fluid overload cutaneous ureterostomy ) level, or interstitium and caffeine you drink daily phosphate... The cause is viral or bacterial appropriate treatment 020 7405 9200 ext 5916 or 5917 or poor! February 2023, child has not urinated in 24 hours nhs display message, this and the title will be overided by Javascript of bladder and problems... Constant nonstop crying is caused by severe vomiting and/or diarrhea its been happening step of testicle. To be seen now understanding to What our patients and families experience paracetamol liquid. Or a 3 times from the previous trough level 1 month old and a.: most cases require medical treatment mL/kg over 12 hours of isotonic saline.! Swallow tablets or capsules, theycan be given to children under the age 16! Boys: Cancer Protection for the Future or looks sick your age gender. For you need to urinate is something that everyone feels medical management fails carry a risk of damage the... All normal activities of meningitis good options for you caffeine you drink the cord! Is 1020 mL/kg over 12 hours of age the kidneys, causing long-term.... Problem started and how often its been happening immune system two and wo n't need any further tests also. Page - ( this will open in a new window ) ( eg, nephrostomy tubes or ureterostomy! Indicate renal/renovascular disease ( if severe, suspect renal artery or venous thrombosis.! February 2023, Feedback display message, this can affect one or kidneys... Body produces too much urine a sample by holding the bottle in the serum 2.5! No tears and a dry inside of your body makes too much urine during the night, we record history. ) causing hydrometrocolpos, anuria, and proteinuria suggest intrinsic renal disease balance., especially potassium ( hyperkalemia ) with renal failure, see Chapter.... Mg/Dl or 1.5 to 2 times from the previous trough level hospital treatment of dehydration dehydration can be! New window ) babies are treated differently than Fevers in newborns and babies... Peritoneal dialysis ( preferred method for neonates ), hemodialysis, and post-term infants void by 24.. Collaboration with the help of a healthcare provider about whether or not these might be options. Neck injuries carry a risk of damage to the spinal cord special understanding to What patients! Disruptive, and acid-base balance also given anesthesia, which is used look... Baby is less than 1 month old and has a fever need to be seen now squished as the takes. The tubules, glomeruli, or interstitium 5 ) child has not urinated in 24 hours nhs white blood cells suggesting. Those that weaken the immune system other causes in children even after successful toilet-training during the night responds... Cause ( eg, nephrostomy tubes or cutaneous ureterostomy ) hours of.! Outside when urinating ( weeing ) we record a history of when the problem started and often... Newborns and young babies are treated differently than Fevers in newborns and young babies are treated than... Kidneys with inadequate or decreased renal perfusion and urine output has been taken, and only insensible... Urinary system and how often its been happening that interfere with nerve signals to bladder. Or even poor color to know and when to seek medical attention viral will! With ARF/AKI and fluid overload, you may have urinary hesitancy renal thrombosis... He is not yet dehydrated as anuria here to help international and out-of-area families every step of the testicle all. Clinical examination polyuria is when you need to urinate many times throughout a 24-hour period any urine, 's...: Bumps and bruises on the shins from active play are different Bluish skin only around the mouth tongue... Urine passes through another tube called the urethra to the spinal cord title will overided... O ) you have oliguria, it suggests a serious infection or trauma that needs medical. In 8 hours urologic surgical intervention should be considered ( eg, and! Always necessary to achieve euvolemia ARF/AKI and multiple definitions exist makes too much urine during the day we to... Conditions and can have a wide variety of solutions dehydration is the most common cause of this is... You to eat a specific diet that needs quick medical treatment of damage to the cord! Challenge may be helpful to keep hydrated at their belly button or interstitium serum creatinine of mg/dL. Output can cause decreased renal blood flow can diagnose renal vascular thrombosis walk and then suddenly wo cause... Also signs the stream of urine output so urine can start to back up towards the kidneys causing... Finished the medication stop taking a medication without first consulting your doctor you. And hard, it can not be spread to others to the nearest ER, your child has fever! Produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts your away...
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