In the 1860 US census, 12-year-old Mary Lackey lives in the North Carolina household of Benjamin and Luranna Gilbert. Sister Irene died in 1896. Manchester, New Hampshire 03103 The collection is rich in historical material and correspondence; however, much material from individual case files is restricted. Cortland 29 88 4 Children's Home Mineola 55 Nassau 116 713 13 City Hosp. All told, about a quarter million American and Canadian children rode orphan trains in the last half of the 1800s and through 1929. Hebrew Benevolent Orphan Asylum, Brooklyn, Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society Orphan Asylum, Pleasantville, NY. Poor farms and poorhouses became more numerous by the early 1800s, particularly in cities. Finding Aids for New York Colored Orphans History of Poverty and Homelessness in NYC New York City Department of Records has almshouse records; city directories; voter registrations; and municipal government records. The records online begin in 1819 with lists of names of Almshouse children, and continue to the early 1900s with lists of names of children in orphanages. Several state-level orphan train groups and regional research facilities gather information about riders in their areas. Guide to the Records of the New York Foundling Hospital1869-2009MS 347, New-York Historical Society170 Central Park WestNew York, NY 10024(212) 873-3400, This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on May04, 2022Description is in English. Clicking on a record will bring you to a list of facts from the record. Dear Ms. Artusa, Thank you for posting your request on History Hub! Start researching an orphan train relative with his or her appearance in federal and state censuses. But you may at least be able to confirm a residence along with some family information. Nurse's Capes, circa 1915-1965, Click here to request materials using your Collections Request Account. Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law 431. If youre looking for your birth family or that of a parent or grandparent, find summaries of states current access laws online. The 1850 census is no help, either: That year, the Gilberts were a childless couple in their 30s. The largest groups came from the New York Foundling Hospital, and from the Children's Aid Society. Robert Gregor born 4-9-1934 in Bronx, New York All papers file bear the file #24-43 Dept of Health Bronx certificate of birth no. Lorraine Williams rode the orphan train to . In the late 1800s and early 1900s, New York had many orphans, particularly in New York City. is our aim to foster the compassion of the Gospel by recognizing the absolute worth This page was last edited on 7 December 2022, at 15:59. Diocese of Buffalo795 Main StreetBuffalo, New York 14203Phone: (716) 847-8700. Today, a network of orphan train riders and their families researches their roots via the Orphan Train Heritage Society, housed at the National Orphan Train Complexin Concordia, Kan. The Children's Aid Society was founded 9 January 1853 by twelve people. She and her husband head to Salt Lake City Utah to research Janie's elusive 4th great-grandmother. She, however, had few legal rights over her children or their property. As early as 1850, he should appear as an inmate of a home, listed alongside other residents. You can view transcripts of the original marriage registers from the Archdiocese of New York. **Please be certain to include your name, mailing address and the type of application you need (i.e., adoptee, birth parent or biological sibling). After the Civil War, Southern states enacted new laws that favored indenturing children of color to white masters, with preference given to their former slaveholders. Newark and New York City (Newark/NY. Relinquished Registry/Catholic Adoptions. Some parents were addicted to alcohol or committed crimes and wound up in prison. Iam searching for orphanage records of Onondaga co.Syracuse n.y. for the year of 1915, for a Thola Wands who was an orphanage at the time. . The Foundling's Bronx Community Services, ca. families in Maryland, and later to other states in the West and South. Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum Manhattan New . A couple images of the Bronx River within Bronx Park and the New York Botanical Garden (which was contained within the confines of the park), from its early years, c. pre 20th century. by the Sisters of Charity, was founded in 1884 as a home for orphan girls, but had News Article Jan 23, 1860, New York Times. Nursery School, circa 1937 and 1961, Subseries IV.31. opened at Huguenot, Staten Island, in 1910 for overflow of mothers and babies. In the 1960's and 1970's, the organization decentralized into local community based The Foundling Asylum of the Sisters of Charity in the City of New York opened at 17 By the end of the 19th century, laws generally required that courts consider the good moral character of the adoptive parents and their ability to support and educate the child. St. John's Children's Hospital, St. Ann's Maternity Hospital, the Boarding Department, orphan listing citations for New York, 1900 Federal Census . Published Annual and Biennial Reports, 1869-2000, Subseries II.2. diversified to run group homes for developmentally disabled children, children with Correspond with genealogical or historical societies. Learn how adoptees can determine relationships with their DNA matches based on centimorgans. Changes in access laws, however, have opened some states adoption records to both adoptees and members of birth families under certain circumstances. Relinquished Registry/Catholic Adoptions. Between 1854 and 1919 it is estimated that 105,000 children rode the Orphan Train. Orphans in USA Orphanages Search for ancestors in the following Almshouses and Orphanages Jewish Orphanages Hebrew Orphan Asylum Amsterdam Avenue & 137 Street, Manhattan New York 1900 [An Olive Tree Genealogy free database] . Also, historical societies may be able to tell you where the records are being held. DNA testing is a relatively new tool available for finding biological relatives. All Other Information: "Willie" was born sometime in the early 1940's but not after 1946. Westchester Office, circa 1965, Series V. Records of the St. Agatha Home for Children, 1875-2001, Subseries V.1. St. Agatha, also run ideally choose to keep her baby upon leaving the Foundling. Birth parents are required to submit this new information in writing along with a . Try searching in New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Vermont. Indenturing and apprenticing children could be both voluntary and involuntary. Research services are available for those who cant visit the library themselves. See also the American Adoption Congress website. In 2007 it embarked on a demonstration project to provide support and guidance Free Genealogy Records Worksheets and Forms, Lost and Foundlings: A Tip for Tracing Orphans Pre-Adoption. Hurley became director, and ended the placing-out program in the west and south. Parents as Partners, 1997-2001, Subseries IV.33. Families receiving children In the Catholic institutions of the Archdiocese of New York the orphans and half-orphans number about 8000. in charge of the placing-out program, succeeded her. Dont forget to search the surrounding state orphanages. Opened 1824 on the Bowery in Manhattan, New York City. Internal Annual Reports, 1934-1981, Subseries II.3. (This article originally appeared in The Wanderer and is reprinted with permission. Check to see if there is an archive for that religious denomination or maybe for the order of nuns who ran the Catholic orphanage. The issue of how to care for children past infancy was pressing. 1. The nuns placed a cradle outside the building to About New York, U.S., Orphans Placed in the New York Foundling Hospital and Children's Aid Society, 1855-1925 Between 1853 and 1929, an estimated 200,000 poor, abandoned and orphaned children were shipped from New York City orphanages to western families for adoption. That same year, the Elizabeth Best UK, Irish and Commonwealth Genealogy Websites, Family Tree Templates and Relationship Charts, How to Find Your Ancestors US Military Records, Preserving Old Photos of Your Family History, Surnames: Family Search Tips and Surname Origins. How to Find Your Birth Parents if Born and Adopted in New York State We now know that it is natural and very common for an adoptee to want to know more about their personal history and original family. Some reformers thought children should be placed with families, preferably in rural areas, rather than spending their lives in regimented orphanages that didnt adequately prepare them for adulthood. but sometimes addressees listed in New York City were actually located in the Bronx. To find a society near you, consult these lists: An index to original baptismal records, transcripts, microfilm, and published works of 17 congregations from 24 volumes of the aforementioned Dutch Reformed Church Record Collection is Wilson Ledley, compiler, Index to Baptismal Surnames in the Reformed Churches of Claverack, Cortlandt, Fishkill, Gallatin/Ancram, Gravesend, Hillsdale/Krum, Kaatsbaan/Saugerties, Kinderhook. Children's Homes. Avenue. When you find children in an institution in the 1880 census, also look for their enumeration in the Defective, Dependent and Delinquent special census schedule, available for several states on Ancestry.com. Home / Pastoral Offices / Archives & Records Management. The first churches established in New York during the seventeenth century were the Dutch Reformed, French Protestant (Huguenot), and Lutheran churches. They have an online request form that you can fill out and they will send you information on the child. A birth or baptismal record generally provides: date of birth and/or baptism; name of the person; name of the father, occupation, place of residence and name of the mother; and. Taxpayers expected even young children who became public charges to work to earn their keep. Passaic Home and Orphan Asylum. Please email Jeanne Brickey at: JBSmokey@aol.com if you have any information about this orphanage. In the Diocese of Brooklyn they number close to 3600. Older children would be paid for their work. This page has been viewed 60,228 times (0 via redirect). The Angel Guardian Home, formerly the Angel Guardian Home for Little Children is a Catholic orphanage in the Dyker Heights area of Brooklyn, New York. Guidance Clinic, 1972-1981 and undated, Subseries IV.20. Records created at the time and afterward showed that many children did well and some didnt. Get updates from the Archdiocese of New York. Types of Orphanages and Their Records . Some church records have been deposited for preservation in government archives or in libraries. Staten Island Services, 1972 - circa 2005, Subseries IV.43. . Agency-Operated Boarding Homes (AOBH), 1969-1987, Subseries IV.6. FamilySearch may have microfilmed records; search the catalog by place, adding the keyword guardian. Most Catholic records have not been gathered to central repositories. His natural father's name is, William G. Parker and his mother's name was Patricia, both of whom resided in New York, New York. The Hebrew orphan asylums of New York City are large and well managed, caring for about 3000 children. Baltimore, Maryland: Clearfield, 1995. In 1839, the refuge was destroyed by a fire. female born april 16th 1983 in DC chatolic charti. Search them at DiscoverFreedmen.orgor among more than 125 related databases at FamilySearch. The Angel Guardian Home for Little Children was founded in 1899[1] by the Sisters of Mercy[2] as a sister facility to the order's other New York orphanage, St. Mary's of the Angels Home, which had opened five years earlier in Syosset, New York. school at the Foundling. Next, go to the Wiki article for your ancestors' denomination. If you find a record that has not yet been digitized, see, Some records might have viewing restrictions, and can only be viewed at a, Historical Records Survey. For more details see "The Drouin Collection: Six Databases" The types of records include baptisms, marriages, and burials as well as confirmations, dispensations, censuses, statements of readmission to the church, and so on. Also research local newspapers for ads or articles about the arrival of the train. Records of Children and Mothers, Subseries XIV.1. A manual of directions, suggestions and guidance for cottage mothers and supervisors of children, at the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society, Pleasantville, N.Y. (1925), Annual report of the Association for the Benefit of Colored Orphans (1800). Plans to sell the property remain with the hope that it can be used to benefit the community by possibly being developed to offer Senior Housing. Temporary Care Intake, 1962-circa 1990s, Subseries IV.44. Contains an alphabetical list of children, sisters, and workers. Evidence of their caregiving might appear in a census listing showing the child living with a new family, in correspondence, or in the childs inclusion in the new parents wills or estate paperwork. Project Basement, 1971-1997, Subseries IV.38. Formal legal adoption is a modern practice that didnt begin in the United States until Massachusetts passed a statute allowing for it in 1851. https://hcgsohio.org/cpage.php?pt=69. to encourage mothers to remain with their infants at the Foundling for at least three of the city to country homes, contributing to the country's westward expansion. Find relevant ones by running a keyword search with the name of the facility or the word orphanage and the location. Children's Planning Services, 1976-1982, Subseries IV.11. Adolescent Girls' Unit, 1976-1981, Subseries IV.3. Georgia Probate records, wills, indexes, etc. Enter a search request and press enter. homes and communities rather than detained in an institution. (bulk 1924-1972), Subseries IV.29. of every individual.". History. Director. They are written mainly in French, as well as English, Latin, and Italian. We hope this information is helpful. Enter any information you know and choose Search. When the contract was up, the master provided freedom dues, often in the form of cash, clothing and tools. partnered with the Mott Haven Academy to create the first charter school in the nation Oklahoma Archives, County Genealogical Societies, Historical Societies, and Libraries, Nineteenth Century Apprentices in New York City, Extract from the ninth annual report of the State Board of Charities of the State of New York, relating to orphan asylums and other institutions for the care of children, Homes of homeless children; a report on orphan asylums and other institutions for the care of children To this is appended a report on Pauper and destitute children, The Childrens Aid Society of New York: An Index to the Federal, State, and Local Census Records of Its Lodging Houses (18551925), The New York Foundling Hospital: An Index to Its Federal, State and Local Census Records (18701925), Records at the New York Historical Society Museum & Library. 2019 NY Slip Op 03726 [172 AD3d 1610] May 9, 2019. It was 1913 when the orphan train pulled into the small town of Waterloo, Indiana, and 200 children dressed in their Sunday-best filed out and were put on display for selection. Five Points House of Industry Greer-Woodycrest and Hope Farm, Crystal Run Village, RD 2, Box 98, Middletown, NY 10940. The new Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum was built atop the summit of the high ridge immediately east of the Harlem River, about 140 to 190 feet above tidewater. In 1873 the Foundling Over two hundred years of continuous service is . Record indexes on websites such as Ancestry.com or. So a child referred to in legal documents as an orphan may have had a living mother. Bronx Teen Parenting, 1978-2001, Subseries IV.9. Not everyone was a fan of the orphanage system. [Mercy Sr. Camille D'Arienzo, broadcaster and author, . Although the Foundling Manhattanbirths July 1847-1848, July 1853-1909, marriages July 1847-1848, July 1853-1937, deaths 1795, 1802-1804, 1808, 1812-1948, the 1890 police census; New York Historical Society, (Childrens Aid Society archives and some New York Foundling Hospital records, Orphan Train Sending Institutions, and more), Nineteenth Century Apprentices in New York City Book available at Amazon $, Digital Books at Hathi Trust Free Access See keyword selection for New York Orphans, Extract from the ninth annual report of the State Board of Charities of the State of New York, relating to orphan asylums and other institutions for the care of children (1876), Homes of homeless children; a report on orphan asylums and other institutions for the care of children To this is appended a report on Pauper and destitute children (1903), Inskeep, Carolee R.The Childrens Aid Society of New York: An Index to the Federal, State, and Local Census Records of Its Lodging Houses (18551925). Seton Pediatric Center became an independent entity in the 595 Avenue of the Americas These records are valuable due to the challenging landscape of civil birth, marriage, and death records in New . FREE Genealogy and history site where you can find your ancestors with a search in free records of the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum Manhattan New York . The Archives documents the history of the archdiocese by collecting, preserving, and making available the permanent and official records of the Archdiocese of New York, its people, parishes, offices, and institutions. Parent Education, 1980-1983 and undated, Subseries IV.32. Most Catholic records have not been gathered to central repositories. Just as with St. Joseph's, the movement had started with a few voices and grown quickly from there. West End Intergenerational Residence, 1987-1997, Subseries IV.47. Marriages of some early New York Quakers are found in Philadelphia registers: This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 21:10. Audiovisual Materials, 1958-2008 and undated, Series XVI. P.O. The report, titled "The Children Are Waiting: The Failure to Achieve Permanent Homes for Foster Children in New York City", detailed how none of the five foster-care agencies, including Angel Guardian, provided services to biological parents to reclaim their children after they had been placed in foster custody, none put children up for adoption in a reasonable time frame after they had been legally certified as adoptable, and none made prompt moves to have children certified as adoptable even though they had been obviously abandoned by their parents, in some cases for years. If you think a child may have been placed in an orphanage, look for him first in the US census. By the mid-1940s, confidentiality gave way to secrecy: Many young girls were sent to homes for unwed mothers where they were pressured to surrender their babies for adoption. From colonial times to the mid-1800s, children were legally considered orphans if just their father had died. You also may wish to contact the New-York Historical Society. House of Refuge (The first juvenile reformatory in the United States. St. Joseph's-by-the-Sea, 1900-2000, Subseries IV.39. The Diocese includes the counties of: Nassau and Suffolkon Long Island. To subscribe call 651-224-5733.) Center, a separate building dedicated to child abuse prevention and treatment, opened Be prepared to find the correct church records by organizing in advance as many of these exact details about the ancestor as possible: Carefully evaluate the church records you find to make sure you have really found records for your ancestor and not just a "near match". Surviving records may be in government offices or archives. Start with its field office reports for information about labor contracts and disputes. Lizbear30. Court records have the answer. Many of these periodicals publish church records. I have begun transcribing records for New York State orphanages. A School for Baby Nurses began training students that year. When no relatives or friends stepped forward, communities took over the care of orphans. As civil registration (birth, marriage and death records) is not a . They say that they do share birth parents' names for these . months, the sisters stopped leaving the crib outside the door, requiring the mother the institution legal right to remove the "indentured" child should the placement This is an encyclopaedic resource of orphanage and children's home records from social historian Peter Higginbotham. Learn the best approaches for tracing these unique orphans. The best websites for finding old orphanage records and children's homes records. Online databases are incomplete. In all the large cities of America, Catholic orphanages are found. A common solution from colonial times until after the Civil War was to bind out children into labor contracts until they reached adulthood. a Catholic orphanage run by the Sisters of Charity, where my family's story begins. By 1775 the Presbyterian Church was the largest denomination in New York. wet nurses took in one or two babies, and were provided an allowance. Title Brooklyn Orphan Asylum; Call Number SWEL_0493; Summary Image represented is one of a related set (SWEL 0501), some of which may also be described in this new record; Two exterior views, in different sizes, of Brooklyn Orphan Asylum located at 1435 Atlantic Avenue. Clippings and Periodicals, 1869-2007, Series XIII. Annual/Biennial Inspections/Reports for State and Other Agencies, The Rochester Diocese includes the countiesof: Cayuga, Chemung, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Schuyler, Seneca, Steuben, Tioga, Tompkins, Wayne and Yates. Vincent McCrystal, who had been with Sister Irene since the inception, took over as Some records are still held in the local churches. As New Englanders continued to migrate to New York, the Congregational Church (Puritans) and Society of Friends (Quakers) grew. & Orphanage 216 St. Laurence 227 118 16-18 Clarkson Home for Children 16 Westchester 254 56 7 Colored Orphan Asylum . Their fates depended largely on the time period and luck. of Health, A manual of directions, suggestions and guidance for cottage mothers and supervisors of children, at the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society, Annual report of the Association for the Benefit of Colored Orphans, Guide to the Records New York State Archives, Images from the collection of John N. Miskell. The Hebrew orphan asylums of New York City are large and well managed caring for about 3000 children. in New York Foundling Hospital v Gatti in 1905, and the U.S. Supreme Court refused . The Refuge was relocated to 23rd St. This can lead to two common errors: These aids generally provide lists of records that are known to exist and information on their location. and opened an office in Puerto Rico, while continuing to provide institutional care, New England Home for Little WanderersThe Home for Little Wanderers, 271 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115(888) HOME-321 Home founded in 1865 and merged with Boston Childrens Services in 1999. Kansas Collection Articles: Stories, articles, bibliographies, timeline and other information on orphans shipped west at the turn of the century in hopes of a better life. Approach matchesand your own feelingswith a great deal of sensitivity. African-American children were disproportionately impacted by the binding-out system. Censuses of homeless and institutionalized children may include information about their parents, such as country or state of birth. Finding Aids for New York Colored Orphans, History of Poverty and Homelessness in NYC. New York Orphan Asylum, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY, (1909), Orphan Asylum Society of Brooklyn (Founded in 1832) Records request back to 1855: Brookwood Child Care (1960-present), 25 Washington St.. Brooklyn, NY 11201 (718) 596-5555, Orphans Asylum Society of the City Of New York, Kings County, Orphans Home and Asylum of the Protestant Episcopal Church in New York (1906), Orphan Trains: A Brief History and Research How-to. Inskeep, Carolee R.The New York Foundling Hospital: An Index to Its Federal, State and Local Census Records (18701925). 1873. ChristLife, Discovering Whats the Meaning of Life, New York Catholic Bible Summit/ Cumbre Bblica Catlica de Nueva York, Archdiocesan Marriage Preparation Program Options, Bishops Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People, Vatican Guidelines on Sexual Abuse Allegations, Cathedral Preparatory High School Program. New York State Department of Health. 1094 1 Catholic Protectory (huge) New York . Oxford Orphanage, also known as Masonic Home for Children at Oxford. Press Esc or the X to close. If you can determine what facility housed a child, try to locate records. . Catholic Protectory Society, New york City 1928-9 My information is that Dominick Petrelli was paroled to the Catholic Protectory Society, New York, in June 1928. In 1926, Sister Xavier Maria This protected the records from public scrutiny but left them open to adopting parents and adoptees themselves. To effectively use church records, become familiar with their content. New York City Department of Records has almshouse records; city directories; voter registrations; and municipal government records. neglectAll of the services of the Foundling, administered by the Sisters of Charity, When a family of means lost its father, courts typically appointed a legal guardian to watch over the childrens inheritance until they came of age. The Foundling merged with the St. Agatha Home for Children in 1977 and the latter The first building was purchased in 1836 and was located at 12th and Fifth Avenue in Manhattan. Albany, NY 12220-2602. find summaries of states current access laws online. If neither able-bodied mother nor family fortune existed, then family, friends or neighbors often stepped in. Here are five possible scenarios for what happenedand the paperwork that may help you piece together the stories. Deaf Services, 1979-1999, Subseries IV.14. Mother/Child Program, circa 1969-2007, Subseries IV.26. Carefully compare any record you find to known facts about the ancestor. . churches and benevolent institutions recognized the problem and began to allocate funds toward orphanages. St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum. The Archives of the Archdiocese of New York serve as the final repository for the archdioceses historical records. for children and shelter for unwed mothers. Charities also founded institutions for special populations, such as foundling hospitals for infants and unmarried mothers, and segregated homes for minority children. In February of that year, the Deacons of the Reformed Dutch Church were appointed to act as Orphan Masters. The nuns placed a cradle outside the building to receive . Orphans in USA Orphanages (1653-1900) New York Orphans Records (click) As early as 1653, New York City (formerly called New Amsterdam) recognized that it needed to care for the city's minor children, widows, and orphans. St. Agatha Records, Chronological, 1875-2001, Subseries V.5. less on medical services and emphasized foster and adoption services, nursery care For adoptees or their relatives seeking information: . Start with autosomal DNA tests, available from AncestryDNA, MyHeritage DNA,23andMe and Family Tree DNA (look for the Family Finder test). Please enter your email so we can follow up with you. Independent Living Program, 1985-1998, Subseries IV.21. . Opened in 1853 to provide care for homeless and neglected children in New York City. agency administered under Catholic auspices and committed to the preservation of family [2], Diocese of Brooklyn and Queens Archives310 Prospect Park WestBrooklyn, New York 11215Phone: (718) 965-7300. The proceeds from the sale paid for the new orphanage in the Bronx and provided a $1 million endowment for the orphans. In still other states, adoptees and birth families must use confidential intermediaries to obtain information. and centers for emotionally disturbed pre-teens and teen girls. Avenues, which the Foundling developed into a grand Victorian institutional complex. Following a decision by the Sisters of Mercy to sell the Angel Guardian Campus, MercyFirst moved its offices from Angel Guardian to Industry City in Sunset Park on September 1, 2017. Here you will find archive information unique to the state. 630 Flushing Avenue, 3rd Floor Mailbox #58 Brooklyn, New York, 11206 718-526-9150 718-260-8840 contact us 2450 North Wading River Rd Wading River, New York 11792-1402 631-929-6200 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_Guardian_Home_(Brooklyn)&oldid=1067982229, Social welfare charities based in the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 January 2022, at 04:03. American-Canadian Genealogical Society Library. You will possibly find many different people with the same name as your ancestor, especially when a family stayed in a locality for several generations, and several children were named after the grandparents or aunts and uncles. The building was too small for the hundreds of children the Foundling received. So Mary Lackey was the Gilberts young servant. St. Vincent's Home, later known as St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, was established in 1857 as a home for orphaned and homeless girls in Central New York. Discoverfreedmen.Orgor among more than 125 related databases at familysearch records for New York Aids for New York City Department records... Medical services and emphasized foster and adoption services, 1972 - circa 2005, IV.11. To central repositories of Poverty and Homelessness in NYC 1972 - circa 2005, Subseries IV.44, RD 2 Box. Word orphanage and the location Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law 431 destroyed... And Society of friends new york city catholic orphanage records Quakers ) grew of the Reformed Dutch Church were appointed to as... Registrations ; and municipal government records mothers, new york city catholic orphanage records workers contracts until reached. Of friends ( Quakers ) grew addressees listed in New York City historical. 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