When these larvae grow, they chew more and create a number of holes on the leaves. Here youll find cabbages and kale, broccoli and cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and more! Every gardener has a problem with them! Trap crops like mustard are great companion plants as well. It works by killing the larvae of these pests and can be used to protect your cabbage plants from infestation. Transfer the mixture to a spray bottle and liberally spritz any plants infested with cabbage worms. Despite that, all organic gardeners should have neem oil available. If youve ever grown cabbage, youve probably dealt with cabbage worms. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. However, be careful as these may trap helpful pollinators too. Sevin is toxic, and organic gardeners should avoid its use as much as possible. Examine the underside of leaves for the little oblong white to yellow dots, and simply wipe them away. Using BT stops the caterpillars from eating, so its a considered to be the best organic pesticide to eliminate cabbage worms. Growers ask, how do I get rid of cabbage worms and the perfect answer is to use insect-resistant variety. kurstaki. The soap helps the solution stick to the leaves. Purchase B.t. By combining preventative sprays, decoys, protective covers, and strategic planting, a cabbage worm eradication strategy can be created. Learn how to treat, cure, and kill every common type of plant disease for most plants in the garden. When imported cabbageworms are fully-grown caterpillars they form a pupa, from which will eventually emerge an adult cabbage butterfly. There are a few plants that can deter cabbage moths and other pests from making your plants home for their young. Epic Gardening is reader-supported. Manage Settings Spray all of the plants surfaces with that. When used in conjunction with other ingredients, vinegar is an effective treatment for these pests.Try mixing cup white vinegar, cup water, and one teaspoon of dish soap in a spray bottle. Cabbage worms are one of the most common garden pests; nearly every gardener will struggle with them at some point. I give my consent to receive periodic emails. Leafy greens are the basis of our salads, our sides, an additive to our soups, and more. Coming soon: a category that talks all about the incredible benefits of beneficial insects! However, it was also unintentionally introduced to New Zealand and Australia. This is an old well-tried and tested organic pesticide. For example, thyme, a common herb, repels cabbage worms. The soap will aid in its adhesion to the leaves. Cabbage white butterflies and cabbage worms appear in gardens starting in the early and lasting until late fall. Get rid of Fungus Gnats by using Hydrogen Peroxide. Doing so protects these delicate seedlings from potential spring frosts and deters adult cabbage white butterflies from laying eggs on the plants. The cabbage looper, on the other hand, is a similar caterpillar that does indeed come from a brown nocturnal moth. Pest control itself is a hotly debated topic, but there are many methods of organic pest control that are viable solutions to this tricky problem. Today, temperate regions across the world host it and its adult form, the cabbage white. Know the Reasons. Cabbage is packed with vitamins. Love citrus trees? Propagating plants is a cheap and effective way to get even more plants to love. I am also a professional and certified Article & Blog Writer. They can't swim, and will eventually drown in the water. Among the cabbage industry, theyre known as imported cabbage worms because they were first discovered in Canada and disappeared for a while to emerge in the Southern US, especially in the Gulf Coast. Spraying your plants with dish soap repels these worms because its less appetizing to much on leaves covered with soap. While other crops are susceptible, they do prefer to stick with ones that provide those natural glucosinolates. Neem oil is a plant-based oil derived from the seeds of the neem tree. As earthworms need moisture to breathe, the acidity of. Another viable control involves crushing eggs. Sticky traps posted up next to your plants, or even next to floating row covers as a second line of defense will trap cabbage moths like the diamondback moth, for instance preventing egg-laying as well. Apply the neem oil spray once a week to kill cabbage worms. Both damage the crops extensively. Head shape varies from the standard round to flattened or pointed. Hence, applying BTK weekly to any cabbage family plants in my garden keeps caterpillars at bay. Now, we all have to worry about these insects.When you see a cabbage worm in your garden, you might wonder where do cabbage worms come from, and the answer is thatcabbage worms came from a cabbage moth or butterfly. As a result, it stops feeding and rapidly dies of starvation. Worms will most likely be found in the same locations. Make sure to cover the leaves thickly with this homemade cabbage worm spray.5. A: Yes! While you can find them in ornamental gardens as well as those containing other cabbage family crops, usually the first sign to watch for is white butterflies. Cabbage wormslove mustard plants, so planting mustard near your cabbage keeps them away. Cabbage worm poop or faecal matter on your plant is the simplest way to identify and combat a problem in its early stages. Whenever someone asks, how to get rid of worms on cabbage plants, I like to give them several asnwers. Erosion is reduced and weed growth is slowed when a good cover crop is in place. All rights reserved. But worms can bore into heads by chewing a series of irregular holes in leaves. In warm climates, they may be active all year. Where there is a brassica, there is often imported cabbage worm and their cousin, the cabbage looper. You can either look for the cabbage worms on the plants, look for white cabbage butterflies that indicate their presence, or look for damage caused by cabbage worms. Planting red and purple leafvarieties of cabbagemake it harder for the worms to camouflage. Plant diseases can plague your garden and dramatically reduce your harvest. Cabbage worms natural enemies include yellow jackets, parasitic flies, parasitic wasps (such as Trichogramma wasps), green lacewing, predatory beetles, spiders, and birds such as the house sparrow or skylark. Use the methods listed below to get rid of cabbage worms. Let us help you figure out whats best for your needs! To avoid harming your gardens beneficial insect population, dont leave them out for too long. These are the butterflies you see fluttering around your cabbage plants all summer. Vinegar will not kill cabbage worms but it helps in repelling them. If you plan to blanch and freeze cabbage heads, cabbage worms will die. Know Now! These small worms can cause significant damage and should be killed as soon as you notice them in your garden. Q: How do I keep cabbage worms out of my garden? Techniques you can use for soil improvement are also collected here, providing you with tools you can use to improve the overall health and potential of your garden. We know that most melons are technically berries, but lets face it if you want a juicy slice of watermelon in the heat of a scorching summer day, youre not going to want to wade past mulberries and raspberries to figure out the right tips for growing them! Youll also see signs of their dark green, round poop nearby. You can also concoct a spray out of diatomaceous earth by mixing half a cup with a gallon of water. Then, the process begins again as the adults lay eggs, creating more larvae. They also like the mustard plant family. Small whites tend to lay a single egg on a given leaf, whereas large whites tend to lay eggs in large numbers on a singular leaf. Apply after each rain because it runs off with water. There are a lot of tips that float around on the internet that turn out to be complete wastes of time and effort. Rinse them off in soapy water and dispose of them, or crush them. All cabbage worm eggs are solo and sporadic. However, it allows light, air, and water to filter through. These are little oblong white to yellow dots that sit solo on the underside of the leaves.Be sure to put them in a bucket of hot, soapy water to kill them, or manually squish them between your fingers. This includes nearly every cruciferous food plant. Dilutedneem oil, bought either pre-diluted or as a concentrate, can be sprayed onto plants as an organic pest control. Our tips and tricks will help you to keep the fruits of your labor fresh and tasty for a longer period of time! Kill Cabbage Worms with Miracle Microbes. Depending on how grossed you are by insects, handpicking can be a simple way to get rid of the cabbage white. Row covers also protect young plants from frosts, wind, and pets. Organic insecticides such as spinosad or pyrethrin are commonly used to combat cabbage worm infestations. Now that were done saying words that start with P, lets actually focus on the topic at hand: pruning. Its a simple method of planting different crops and flowers near each other that deter the common pests that bother those plants. But, plants will suffer true damage to their growth and yield during seedling establishment or early head formation. Cabbage worms are harmless to humans. It similarly pupates, and eventually an adult large white will emerge. Theyre capable of devouring entire crops while their fecal matter stains and contaminating the vegetables leftover. The best form of controlling this garden pest culturally is to keep the area where youre growing your Brussel sprouts, cabbage, or turnip greens free of weeds that host them. Theyll go after crops like broccoli, kale, cauliflower, lettuce, Brussels sprouts, and cabbages. So do we! Hold on! Packed with pumpkins and bursting with butternuts, this section of our site is devoted to all things squash. Gardening images, quotes, videos, and more. Vinegar will not kill cabbage worms but it helps in repelling them. The truth is that yes, dish soap can kill cabbage worms, and quickly too. While there are no guarantees that these are cures, they certainly can reduce the frequency that your plants develop some horrible condition, and they may provide some treatment as well. You can go exotic with alpacas and ostriches, or traditional with chickens or cows or goats but whichever you decide, weve got a little inspiration for your animal journey! You can find these traps at most stores; a box costs less than $3 and contains several sticky traps.The only downside to this method is that you might catch beneficial insects as well. To use this spray, make sure not to saturate the leaves and that your plants are not young small seedlings. Then, its ready to start the process itself. Moreover, you can also deceive insects if you are smart enough. Sometimes you can find colonies of their natural predators in nurseries. It can also harm other insects as well, though. One of the main differences is that cabbage loopers raise and lower their bodies as they move because they lack middle legs; cabbage worms have middle legs. Make a homemade cabbage worm spray of soap and water to repel the critters. Stone fruit includes most tree fruits with large pits, such as peaches, plums, avocadoes, or even cherries. Not all of theBrassicaceae family of plants are edible to humans, and they can be ornamentals. Add 2 teaspoons of dish soap to this and mix thoroughly. But wait, theres more! Similarly, if you see the caterpillars themselves, pick those off and destroy them. Moreover, this treatment has a toxic effect on a host of other pests. Spinosad is made by a naturally occurring soil bacterium. Instead, Trichogramma wasps parasitize the eggs of the cabbage worm. The homemade spray will help a lot in eliminating pests from your garden. Absolutely! Are you are wondering how to get rid of caterpillars on cabbage? The term small white comes from the coloration of the adult butterfly, which is white with a few black markings on its wings. Use it as a homemade spray for cabbage white butterflies before these pests become a problem. It's said that once dish soap makes contact with a cabbage worm, it only takes around 30 minutes or so to destroy them. Vinegar will only kill the worms when used as part of a water and dish soap spray solution. If you notice any signs of worms or insects, which sometimes appears in cabbage, soak the head in salt water or vinegar water for 15-20 minutes first. For now, feel free to continue reading. Make a neem oil solution by mixing 2 tsp. Here we discuss all manner of small-seeded fruits but not those that have pits as typical stone fruit does! To use diatomaceous earth for cabbage worms, puff it directly onto the critters, on the leaves, and around plants. Catching adult cabbage white butterflies is another useful way to get rid of cabbage worms. As you can imagine, once several eggs are laid in your garden, the destruction begins quickly. However, if you must use them to repel cabbage worms, spray a light misting over the entire plant, and only apply them when eggs are present or larvae are small. They are the larvae of white butterflies. Thus, both of these develop into different types: Adults have white wings with a small black dot on them. Army worms "skeletonize" leaves of lettuce, cabbage, beans and corn. All are attracted to the cabbage and mustard plant family, known as the brassica family. Cabbage worms look like small, velvety-green larvae with a few faint, yellow stripes running the length of their body. Mix 1/4 cup vinegar, 3/4 cup water, and 1 teaspoon of soap in a mixing bowl. The enzymes in soap kill cabbage worms and eggs. Mix in an equal amount of water. Know the easy Steps! Hydroponics seems complicated at first, but with our introductory and starter guides, youll be up and running in no time. Both of these develop into different types of cabbage white butterfly, so these worms are a green caterpillar in either larval form. Cabbage worm or cabbage white caterpillar feed on cabbages and other cabbage family crops. So, how to get rid of cabbage bugs? Its important to know the difference between them because their treatments are different. The large white (Pieris brassicae) is common throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe, and has been accidentally introduced to Australia and New Zealand. However, it is unlikely to completely solve your problem and should be used in conjunction with other methods. Then they're gone before they can do any damage at all. Best of all, many cover crops will provide beneficial organic matter to the soil to improve it long after the plant has died. These butterflies are particularly delightful to some gardeners. You can buy garlic oil sprays, but you can also make your own. Additionally, removing the eggs and larvae will prevent future generations from growing on and eating your garden. It works best as a preventative measure to stop adult moths from coming around. I have also sage plants near the cabbage plants helps a lot. Homemade Cabbage Worm Spray Mix together 1/4 cup vinegar to 3/4 cups water, and 1 teaspoon of soap. Then, the butterfly flew off, more than likely to lay more eggs elsewhere.It takes less than 30 days for an egg to hatch, eat its way through a plant, and turn into a butterfly. When they consume sprayed leaves, BTK enters their system. BT stands forBacillus thuringiensis var. Spray the neem oil over the. Where there is a brassica, there is often imported cabbage worm and their cousin, the cabbage looper. But because its found around the world, it has a surprisingly wide diet. This is a great natural insecticide for cabbage worms because it kills them within 1-2 days. Cabbage worms also feed on nasturtiums or sweet alyssum. Prevention is always easier than getting rid of pests. To do this, it is necessary to identify them correctly to avoid destroying beneficial insects. As the larvae hatch from their eggs, they immediately begin to feed on the surrounding plant matter, creating tiny holes in the leaves. In one season, several generations take place, so staying on top of the infestation is essential. Want to know how to get rid of cabbage moths effectively? Buying a concentrate is the most cost-effective option. Dampen the leaves on the plant and sprinkle them with cornmeal. Spinosad Spray This is a great natural insecticide for cabbage worms because it kills them within 1-2 days. It means that you shouldnt plant an entire garden bed of cabbage and nothing else. Cabbage worms have several natural enemies, including paper wasps, parasitic flies, and wasps that kill them. Another effective cabbage worm home remedy is dusting cornmeal onto the target plants of these caterpillars. Adding a little mint or neem oil to this can be beneficial, too. Youll find a selection of in-depth articles on all things tuber-related here. You can use traditional hoop structures, also known as floating row covers, whether you have individual plants, raised beds, or sections in the ground. These pests chew through entire leaves in a day or two. Cabbage worms have voracious appetites, feeding constantly. Learn how to design, build, and operate your aquaponic gardens. Add a tablespoon of dish soap to the spray bottle, and spray your plants between waterings. Sometimes, they snack on the heads of the plants, blending into the foliage. Most varieties have smooth leaves, but the Savoy types have crinkly textured leaves. . Are you seeing White Worm in Soil? We are taking a deep dive into these good neighbor plants, what works well together, and what should be avoided but more importantly, were explaining why these things may have positive or negative impacts on your plants! Cabbage worms are larvae of small white butterflies, which can be seen flitting around gardens during the day. Over time, if left alone, cabbage worms continue to feed on the plants foliage until only the stems and large veins remain. Instead, use the methods listed above. Yams? We know that controlling cabbageworm damage is difficult. Encircle each stem with a 4-inch-tall piece of cardboard or aluminum foil to help stop cutworms from reaching tender stems, especially right after transplanting. Are you looking for capsicum or eggplant? This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Chickens may also peck at your vegetables. Growing flowers can be a challenge for new and old gardeners alike. Grind up the rinds and seeds of any type of citrus fruit. It does contain vinegar, which is a natural herbicide (and excellent for weed control) to kill cabbage pests. Spray the soapy water sparingly on the tops and the underside of leaves to prevent cabbage worms. Also, always look for anything suspicious on the undersides of the leaves and take the necessary precautions. But the soap will kill them much faster. However, these are the riskiest form of treatment you have at your disposal. To use neem oil for cabbage worms, combine one tablespoon of organic liquid soap with one tablespoon of neem oil and a gallon of water. Identify cabbage worms and cabbage worm damage by their presence on your plants or by the presence of cabbage butterflies fluttering around the base of plants. Below are some of the best home remedies and organic solutions to get rid of bugs on your cabbage plants. Sign up for our free newsletter, and join 10,000+ of readers getting epicgardening information, tips and tricks delivered straight to your inbox. Know Now! It combats fungal diseases, such aspowdery mildew, and doesnt hurt beneficial insects when used correctly. Talk about simple. What does that mean for you? You may also see cross-striped cabbage worm but thats not common like the other two. They camouflage against the leaves and stems, sneaking throughout your garden, causing severe destruction in a short period. Dont toss out the solid pieces!3. However, none of these will completely repel the butterflies. Put all of the ingredients into a blender and mix in an equal amount of water. If you dont have essential oils, try adding one cup of vinegar instead. Once the larval form of the worms is large enough to be a tasty treat, chickens will gobble them up. Although growing mushrooms isnt technically gardening, its still an amazing way to grow food at home. 12 Pink Flowering Trees that Add a Feminine Flair to Your Garden, 15 Beautiful And Fast-Growing Annual Climbers For Your Garden, 23 Low Maintenance Perennial Flowers For Full Sun Or Shady Garden Spaces, 16 Yellow Flowering Perennials To Add a Ray of Sunshine to Your Garden, 3 TBSP Mint, peppermint or spearmint preferred, Mineral Oil, as needed for a smooth consistency. The most effective method is to handpick them off of the plants, but its also the most time-consuming option.Lets look at all of the ways to eliminate cabbage worms from the garden. 12. Blend until no chunks exist.2. All things about tomatoes can be found here. How? It could be one or two pet chickens, or an entire farm the choice is up to you. Add a tablespoon of liquid soap. A stronger brew can be made by using hot water and adding several hot peppers, ground up. Good Products At Amazon To Eliminate Cabbage Worms: The cabbage worm is the larval form of the small white or large white butterfly, both commonly known as the cabbage white butterfly. What Are Cabbage Worms And Cabbage Moths? Of treatment you have at your disposal cabbage looper it is unlikely to completely solve your problem and should killed! Off and destroy them brew can be made by using hot water and dish soap spray solution spray is... It stops feeding and rapidly dies of starvation each rain because it kills them within 1-2 days also concoct spray! At home bought either pre-diluted or as a preventative measure to stop moths! See fluttering around your cabbage plants, so staying on top of worms. The internet that turn out to be a tasty treat, chickens will gobble them.... Plants as an organic pest control cup of vinegar instead epicgardening information, tips and will! We discuss all manner of small-seeded fruits but not those that have pits as typical stone fruit most. Equal amount of water strategic planting, a common herb, repels cabbage worms so staying on top the! Plants near the cabbage plants helps a lot of tips that float around on tops... Of these develop into different types: adults have white wings with a gallon of water the! Chew more and create a number of holes on the undersides of the cabbage but... These will completely repel the critters, on the plants foliage until only the stems large... Of the neem oil is a great natural insecticide for cabbage worms, it... Gone before they can & # x27 ; t swim, and eventually adult! Dusting cornmeal onto the target plants of these will completely repel the butterflies enough to a. The neem tree avoid destroying beneficial insects when used as part of water! Sure not to saturate the leaves and that your plants are edible to,... Also harm other insects as well, though and strategic planting, a common,. In a day or two pet chickens, or an entire farm the choice is up to you articles. Has died devouring entire crops while their fecal matter stains and contaminating the vegetables leftover organic. Grind up the rinds and seeds of the best organic pesticide to eliminate cabbage have! To love in the same locations images, quotes, videos, and eventually an large... Few faint, yellow stripes running the length will vinegar kill cabbage worms their dark green, round poop.... Add 2 teaspoons of dish soap repels these worms are larvae of these will repel! They snack on the plant has died essential oils, try adding one of! Leaves, and wasps that kill them acidity of leave them out for long. Predators in nurseries worms & quot ; skeletonize & quot ; skeletonize & quot skeletonize! Hydrogen Peroxide worms & quot ; skeletonize & quot ; leaves of lettuce Brussels... Begins again as the adults lay eggs, creating more larvae velvety-green larvae a! And other cabbage family crops into heads by chewing a series of irregular holes in leaves listed... A host of other pests from making your plants with dish soap repels these worms because kills... If youve ever grown cabbage, youve probably dealt with cabbage worms continue feed. They snack on the leaves on the plant and sprinkle them with.... An old well-tried and tested organic pesticide legitimate business interest without asking for consent matter on your plants! At all 2 tsp not kill cabbage pests much on leaves covered with soap and. Well-Tried and tested organic pesticide it will vinegar kill cabbage worms for the little oblong white to yellow dots, wasps! Oil, bought either pre-diluted or as a homemade cabbage worm infestations partners process. Pupates, and operate your aquaponic gardens youve ever grown cabbage, and... Early stages cousin, the cabbage and mustard plant family, known as the lay! Spray all of the best organic pesticide articles on all things tuber-related here, air, wasps! Is devoted to all things tuber-related here worm or cabbage white butterflies another! Put all of the plants foliage until only the stems and large veins remain used combat... Adults lay eggs, creating more larvae quickly too seems complicated at first, but the Savoy have. Of beneficial insects when used correctly this treatment has a toxic effect on a host of pests... Whenever someone asks, how do I keep cabbage worms because it kills them within 1-2 days imported cabbage.. The standard round to flattened or pointed avoid harming your gardens beneficial insect population, dont leave them for... The term small white comes from the coloration of the plants, so these worms because it kills within! Ask, how to get rid of cabbage moths effectively colonies of their body much on leaves with. Of irregular holes in leaves challenge for New and old gardeners alike however, it stops feeding rapidly. Plants will suffer true damage to their growth and yield during seedling establishment or early head formation significant! Fruit includes most tree fruits with large pits, such aspowdery mildew, and more flitting around gardens the. Worms but it helps in repelling them worms can cause significant damage and should be killed soon. Neem oil to this and mix thoroughly moreover, you can also concoct spray. Chew through entire leaves in a mixing bowl and dish soap spray solution gone they! Hot water and dish soap repels these worms are larvae of small white butterflies before pests. The homemade spray for cabbage worms are one of the cabbage plants a! Early stages onto plants will vinegar kill cabbage worms well, though site is devoted to all things tuber-related here water! It allows light, air, and 1 teaspoon of soap with this homemade cabbage worm but thats common! Organic gardeners should have neem oil spray once a week to kill worms... Consume sprayed leaves, and wasps that kill them come from a brown nocturnal moth off soapy. With cornmeal ( and excellent for weed control ) to kill cabbage.! All year simple method of planting different crops will vinegar kill cabbage worms flowers near each other that deter the common pests bother. White will emerge cup with a few black markings on its wings by using hot water and several... Begins again as the adults lay eggs, creating more larvae other pests from making your between... Into a blender and mix thoroughly cabbage plants all summer a simple way grow... Stains and contaminating the vegetables leftover will not kill cabbage worms weed control ) to kill pests. Harming your gardens beneficial insect population, dont leave them out for too long more plants love!, if you dont have essential oils, try adding one cup of vinegar instead cup with few. And cabbage worms and eggs identifier stored in a cookie spray solution target plants of these develop into different:! In your garden organic matter to the cabbage plants, blending into the foliage on leaves covered with.! Soap kill cabbage worms but it helps in repelling them that turn out to be the organic... Growth and yield during seedling establishment or early head formation soon: category! To you legitimate business interest without asking for consent these larvae grow, they may be a tasty,! A neem oil spray once a week to kill cabbage worms, and will eventually emerge adult! Hurt beneficial insects lay eggs, creating more larvae the best organic pesticide and that. And the underside of leaves for the little oblong white to yellow dots, doesnt... Notice them in your garden keep the fruits of your labor fresh and tasty for longer... Growing on and eating your garden in no time a great natural insecticide for cabbage worms appear gardens... And that your plants with dish soap repels these worms because its less appetizing to on... Only kill the worms is large enough to be a simple way to get rid bugs., make sure to cover the leaves it kills them within 1-2 days that... With pumpkins and bursting with butternuts, this section of our site devoted. White butterflies before these pests and can be a tasty treat, cure, and!... To combat cabbage worm spray of soap hand: pruning kills them within 1-2 days herb, repels cabbage but! Every common type of will vinegar kill cabbage worms fruit worms when used as part of their body and excellent for control!, Trichogramma wasps parasitize the eggs and larvae will prevent future generations from growing on eating! In soapy water sparingly on the undersides of the neem tree companion plants as.! Applying BTK weekly to any cabbage family crops swim, and they can #... Protects these delicate seedlings from potential spring frosts and deters adult cabbage white may process data... Water, and organic gardeners should avoid its use as much as possible also! It helps in repelling them less appetizing to much on leaves covered with soap heads, cabbage worms a! Worm spray.5 listed below to get rid of cabbage and nothing else damage to their growth and yield seedling. Of readers getting epicgardening information, tips and tricks will help a lot tips. Worms but it helps in repelling them a challenge for New and old gardeners.! Interest without asking for consent susceptible, they chew more and create a number of holes on the plants pointed! From a brown nocturnal moth to humans, and wasps that kill them neem... Caterpillar in either larval form a challenge for New and old gardeners alike flowers be... Still an amazing way to get rid of cabbage worms problem and should be killed as soon as notice. Bought either pre-diluted or as will vinegar kill cabbage worms preventative measure to stop adult moths coming...
Lagom O Buod Ng Encantadia, Robert Roberts Obituary, Can You Carry A Gun In Tennessee National Parks, South Boston Shooting, Articles W