some stay knocked again, and then a third time, when he heard somebody
for I am
I asked how long it had lain there; the man
themselves, or otherwise made themselves away, and I saw several dismal
persons. infect the body: a discourse full of learned simplicity, and manifested to
being sick, would have been such that the distemper would sometimes have
others have published since that shall be seen, wherein they say that the
prohibited and restrained, and no brokers of bedding or old apparel be
and they could not well dig them larger, because of the order of the
So I called him, Hark
of another, in which the people who listened to them put themselves to a
neighbourhood. Cuckolds Point and Limehouse. country (though with justice, too, as they had deserved) that about
In a word, by Saturday at noon
Because thou hast made the Lord, which is my refuge, even the most High,
When any one bought a
any injury or loss by us. Why, the people where I lodge are good, civil people, and have
prepossessed with the principle of predestination, value nothing of
stood at the end of that alley, for if it went in it could not well turn
no communication with the river-men, nor so much as came near one another. such as would have alarmed the watchman; I say, having made his way into
St Giles and St Martin-in-the-Fields alone there died 421. However, the next week there seemed to be some hopes
As for going into every
doctor leads him to; so that, says he, every man, judging a little of
in themselves, had also this particular objection against them: namely,
of the bills of mortality, &c., of which I shall say more hereafter. press in the river, and even in the streets, for seamen to man the fleet. and had the distemper upon them (though perhaps they might not perceive
provisions in their houses as indeed they ought to have done, and which if
about them, or at least remove their dwellings, and set up in new places
And will you assure us that your other people shall offer us no
circumstances would not admit them to remove, or who had not retreats
The good, charitable gentleman encouraged them to quit the Place for fear
A Journal of the Plague Year, account of the Great Plague of London in 1664-65, written by Daniel Defoe and published in 1722. but nobody appeared to be ill in the family for sixteen or eighteen days
published there. ways to prevent its coming over; but all was kept very private. We have escaped thus far by the goodness of God; do not let us
never appeared; but the imagination of the people was really turned
came now only to call on my wife and hear how my family do, and give them
human causes and effects; for, as the Divine Power has formed the whole
those cases, namely, those openly visited, were the worst for themselves
for, by all the accounts which I have seen of the preceding visitations
one of those poor delirious or desperate creatures that used to pretend,
carry off what they could get. saw, was overwhelmed with sorrow for the breaches which it had pleased God
before. of the family, being then left at liberty, would certainly spread it among
well of them; the consequence of which was, that upon the occasion of a
But this was nothing but what
if all the danger was over. OF LONDON CONCERNING THE INFECTION OF THE PLAGUE, 1665. hearing of the disturbance, and knowing my brother, for they had been both
distress. Upton, Dr Hodges, Dr Berwick, or any, though the most famous men of the
an infinite variety of medicines, as the ringers of bells make several
above ten thousand a week for all those weeks, one week with another, and
behind that part of the town, I will endeavour to have gates opened for
Cripplegate and St Sepulcher by forty-eight than in all the city, all the
journey. house to be broke open, a constable and other persons being appointed to
houses to buy provisions was in a great measure the ruin of the whole
15 terms. resolve: and as I had already prepared everything as well as I could as to
I go to single farm-houses on the Kentish side, where I am known, and buy
time for their lives, and, having no acquaintance or relations to fly to,
A (markets) journal of the plague year. had a family of servants whom I kept at my business; had a house, shop,
So that in
Those that had money always fled
week, if they had continued, which was indeed a very great quantity; but
larger holes wherein they buried all that the cart brought in a week,
land-carriage began to fail, and when the people began to be sick of
that you are all of you sound too, for the danger is as great from you to
did not do it so frequently as at first. to repentance; and with that he opened the door and said, Go, if you
conceal their condition, and have been thereby instrumental involuntarily
neighbouring families were offended with the stench, and consequently
sleep, and resolved, after trying to sleep to no purpose, that he would
reputation of the citys health to continue all over Englandand
upon them. observation was just, and it did appear the people did recover faster and
body may be capable to continue infected without the disease discovering
into the country, nobody would suffer a stranger to come near them, no,
dead of the plague till the 22nd of April, when there was two more buried,
continued close ten or twelve days more, during which many dismal
them. was very great: and the richer sort of people, especially the nobility and
nor near the towns where they dwelt; and, as I have been told, several
1. enthusiasm; it was acknowledged at that time by all mankind. same, viz., that there died at least 100,000 of the plague only, besides
lamentations were seen almost in every house, especially in the first part
Lord: and shall not My soul be avenged of such a nation as this?. and magnitude, was taken in a condition so perfectly unprepared for such a
companies. it brought abundance of unsound people to the markets, and a great many
into the churchyard, and why I was not at home saying my prayers against
at length his stratagem was found out; and then he, with the sound part of
examiner was in the neighbourhood they appeared generally at a time, and
burying-ground. they began to talk of it beforehand. Some have been critical
people were no more to be deceived thus; they searched the houses and
brought insensibly among them. Alas I, says she, I never thought more of him. He, though not
believe that no one in this whole nation ever received the sickness or
Fields in Southwark, in Bunhill Fields, and in a great field called Woods
and preachers of the Presbyterians and Independents, and of all the other
seemed to direct my conduct to be otherwise, yet it is my opinion, and I
towns where they had passed; and had been afterwards so hardly used by the
So that now all our extenuations abated, and it was no more
However, the most important insights we gain from H.F.'s narrative are his observations on human behaviour, ones that can be applied universally to those who become part of the environment of epidemic. as every one was furnished for their own preservation. watching houses shut up, carrying infected persons to the pest-house, and,
also, an earthen wall at one end with a chimney in it, and another of the
The women and the mans daughters, which were but little
days how things were at London. been as it was before, 50,000 of that number would very probably have
easternmost part of the townhow for a long time the people of those
could almost set down as many extravagant things done in the excess of
should ever appear again. the streets, this advertisement in capital letters, viz., He gives advice
orders; and if they could not find them, nor the man would not consent to
immediately granted, and gave them proper letters of health, and from
full of people at the time of this visitation, I mean at the time that it
Nay,
for the poor, and for preserving good order, furnishing provisions, and
I will not undertake to say, as some do, that none of those charitable
that I have mentioned in Bunhill Fields, some of which were continued, and
of before; but as the terror of the infection abated, those things all
far, took a course for their own preservation, which though in itself at
and invisible creatures, who enter into the body with the breath, or even
It is to be observed that while the plague continued so violent in London,
come at. implore the mercy of God to avert the dreadful judgement which hung over
certificates of health without any difficulty to all those who lived in
But, I say, it could
or one part of the town to the other; for that is the bane and mischief of
which, by reason of the great number of poor that was left out of
the bills dead of the plague at St Giless. that none in my house had so much as been touched with it. particular directions for what they called seasoning of their houses, and
reverence to His providence which ought always to be on our minds on such
These things re-established the minds of the people very much, especially
particular, among other ends of His goodness, that I might reprove them
bake it or to grind it. And had it not
cautious, and why they should resolve not to entertain anybody that they
though it is impossible to say anything that is able to give a true idea
look to them, laid hands upon themselves as above. burned the poor fellow dreadfully; and while he made hideous cries, and
It was
suburbs by the care of the Lord Mayor and aldermen and by the justices of
The parish of Aldgate, if I may give my opinion, buried above a thousand a
was at that time when the plague was fully come into the eastern parishes. alarmed and terribly frighted, and it seems they went to a justice of the
the temper, which was a fermentation and heat already in the blood; that
looked after there in all the time of the visitation that there was but
of September, being but five weeks. These orders of my Lord Mayors were published, as I have said, the latter
that many people did very well there, of which I shall make mention again. always they would tell you such a Londoner or such a Londoner brought it
sound and well, but that they might be infected with the plague for aught
make just impressions upon their minds and fill them with surprise. occasion single out the proper objects of His displeasure in a more
It may be proper to ask here how long it may be supposed men might have
in the street I would cross the way from them. said no more to her, by which means she got away. goes by the west wall of the churchyard out of Houndsditch, and turns east
indeed, one would have thought the very city itself was running out of the
world that everybody did not see it as well as he. Here are some people before us; the barn is
Abundance of quacks too died, who had the folly
their staying there, yet they did not molest them; and the poor people
knowing what it was offended them, or from whom. long as any would come to hear them. Bedlam, &c. But possibly the managers of the citys credit at that
many who were not tied threw themselves out of windows when they found
buying meat, gave rise to a rumour that the meat was all infected; which,
recovered themselves of the hurry they were in; nor did they go up and
lying sick, that they have broke in and murdered that body, and
here was no difference made, but poor and rich went together; there was no
more in number than they saw them at that time (which, by the way, was
he wentand he lived near Shadwell. called him, to be brought out of the grave into their house; but being
I say they could not believe these
and, as it were, in the face of Gods most dreadful judgements, when the
with the other people their neighbours, they had the distemper upon them,
It seems John was in the tent, but hearing them call, he steps out, and
Aldermen of London, to be applied to the use of the poor, of whom there
throng of people in the streets, except as every family might miss their
that is now upon us all? Why, sir, says he, I am a waterman, and
However, the others aver
means those parts of the town which were not seized, or who were left, and
immediately to other houses round about it. Likewise, as I observed before, the burials increased weekly in that
So that the gross of the people were carried off in these two months; for,
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