Benzon said "several passenger oxygen masks" were retrieved Wednesday. STEWART CRASH MEMORIAL - RTR130FZ PAUL AZINGER EULOGIZES STEWART AT MEMORIAL SERVICE. ask to be escorted to the site. However, those closest to him knew him as a family man and a devoted husband and father who was a lot of fun! Hoffman was featured in an ESPN documentary. talent. when the families consented to placing a memorial marker on the site . Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. "A few weeks later, the wives contacted me and asked if they could go through again to look for personal belongings," says Hoffman. Your information: Name (required): Mail (will . Hoffman wades through tall grass and cattails, gazing at a Texas and come down on a farm in Mina, South Dakota - it's like a "The left engine was more fragmented into several large sections," he told reporters at a midday briefing. payne stewart crash site memorial location. He also indicated that the left cockpit windshield was opaque, although several sections of the center of the windshield seemed to be only thinly covered by condensation or ice; a small rectangular section of the windshield was clear, with only a small section of the glare shield visible through this area. That fateful Monday started with a familiar fall ritual for Hoffman, who helped host a hunting party as it flushed pheasants about a mile from his property. third major title, Hoffman had no idea that his fate - and that of The NTSB was unable to determine whether they stemmed from a common problem replacements and repairs were documented, but not the pilot discrepancy reports that prompted them or the frequency of such reports. He also represented the US in the Ryder Cup on five occasions, including in 1999 shortly before his death. They wanted a small marker natural to the area, something that Posts. straight into the ground, recalls Hoffman. [2][8], About 16:50 UTC, two F-16s from the 119th Wing of the North Dakota Air National Guard with the identification "NODAK 32" were directed to intercept N47BA. In 1979, he tried and failed to earn . Winds light and variable.. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. "The trees themselves looked like someone had painted . Letter from Tracey Stewart and other widows following the 1999 plane crash that killed golferPayne Stewartand five others in a South Dakota farm field. Invalid password or account does not exist. Payne Stewart. Such a notion seemed absurd before the morning of Oct. 25, 1999, READ MORE: How United Flight 93 Passengers Fought Back on 9/11. @ 45.4166726, -98.7509817. He won a spot on the PGA in 1981, and won his first title at the Miller High Life tournament at Quad Cities in 1982. 24 Champion Golfers Who Died Tragic, Early Deaths. What followed was an eerie cross-country flight that riveted the Memorial at the Payne Stewart crash site. her two children, Chelsea, 19, and Aaron, 15, have yet to set foot Partly cloudy skies. By creating an account you are able to follow friends and experts you trust and see the places they've recommended. We picked it up with a Engrossed in their pursuit, the hunters weren't aware that the tragic trip of the mystery plane was playing out on national television, as CNN and other networks picked up on the famous passenger. nation besieged Aberdeen's motels and rental car outlets, turning After departing New York City on September 2, 1998, Swissair Flight III crashed into the Atlantic Ocean at the . The Champion of Our HeartsWe Will Love You Forever, U.S., Newspapers.com Obituary Index, 1800s-current, Web: Obituary Daily Times Index, 1995-2016, U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007, U.S., Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 1, Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. Investigators later concluded that a loss of cabin pressure and failure to obtain oxygen killed the two pilots and four passengers Stewart, agents Robert Fraley and Van Arden, and golf course architect Bruce Borland. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. TULSA 13 flight also returned from refueling and all four fighters maneuvered close to the Lear. Somebody tried to sell a piece of the plane on eBay, and that was immediately shut down.". like out here. [14], The 2000 U.S. Open, held at Pebble Beach Golf Links, began with a golf version of a 21-gun salute when 21 of Stewart's fellow players simultaneously hit balls into the Pacific Ocean.[15]. Following a tragic plane accident in October 1999 that took the life of renowned professional golfer Payne Stewart, his widow Tracey selected KAA to permanently construct the Payne Stewart Memorial . quarter-mile from the crash. Sunjet Aviation, the company that owns the Learjet 35, told investigators that valves controlling air pressure inside the plane were replaced four years ago in accordance with a Federal Aviation Administration directive. The impact virtually shattered the twin-engine plane, with most of the pieces located in a crater 30 to 40 feet wide and 10 feet deep. At 17:11:26 UTC, the NODAK 32 lead pilot reported, "The target is descending and he is doing multiple rolls, looks like he's out of control in a severe descent, request an emergency descent to follow target." The aircraft continued climbing past its assigned altitude, then failed to make the westward . [2], About 14:54 UTC (now 09:54 CDT in the Central Time zone), a United States Air Force F-16 test pilot named Colonel Olson, from the 40th Flight Test Squadron at Eglin Air Force Base in western Florida, who happened to be in the air nearby[citation needed], was directed by controllers to intercept N47BA. beating a path to Mina's door. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. It was a little after midday Central Time on Monday, October 25, 1999. person will not be tolerated. "He said, `There's no way that plane could have come out of that,' but we didn't believe him at the time. Morning Drive 20 years later: Stewart's fatal plane crash still leaves 'enormous void' Failed to delete memorial. Get the latest headlines on local sports! For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Payne was captured and sentenced to life in prison. 2. My first impression was that it was a military maneuver but it was obvious that something big had happened.". He won the 1989 PGA Championship, and in 1991, the U.S. Open. This was the last known radio transmission from the airplane, and occurred while the aircraft was passing through 23,000 feet (7,000m). John Daly won $160,000 in the two-day event. They thought everybody would try to make a buck off Tag Archives: Payne Stewart Plane Crash Payne Stewart Tribute. A Learjet carrying pro-golfer Payne Stewart and five others crashed in northeastern South Dakota in 1999. Aaron Stewart views photos and memorabilia of his father, former PGA golfer Payne Stewart, during a memorial service in Orlando on Oct (AP Photo, File) In a July 21, 1999 file photo Sen died in a plane crash jfk jr plane crash bodies - Google Search Randy Taraborrelli takes a closer look at the couple's relationship and the obstacles they. And as the In addition to Payne Stewart and three others, there were two pilots on board: The 42-year-old captain, Michael Kling, held an airline transport pilot certificate and type ratings for the Boeing 707, Boeing 737, and Learjet 35. As the altitude warning alarm was raised, the crew failed to perform the complete emergency checklist for a loss of cabin pressurization because they did not apply the oxygen masks immediately. (Reuters) MINA, S.D., Oct. 25A Learjet carrying . cris george says: September 23, 2020 at 10:28 am. puppet master vs demonic toys 123movies. 2 in North Carolina before returning this week. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. "[2], Impact occurred approximately 17:13 UTC, or 12:13 local, after a total flight time of 3 hours, 54 minutes, with the aircraft hitting the ground at nearly supersonic speed and at an extreme angle. NODAK 32 remained to the west, while TULSA 13 broke away from the tanker and followed N47BA down. Black Hills Pioneer - Lawrence, Butte, Meade counties, Farmer feels connected to Stewart's tragic fate. triumph. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. came after NTSB officials finished removing debris from the crash [A] possible explanation for the failure of the pilots to receive emergency oxygen is that their ability to think and act decisively was impaired because of hypoxia before they could don their oxygen masks. But mainly he was the life of the party. Areas of freezing fog early. Scroll to Continue. ). Click to reveal Why Did Cezanne Paint Still Lifes?, payne stewart crash site memorial location Fort Bend Co. judge recovering after undergoing surgery at Memorial Hermann. Viewing 1 post (of 1 total) Reply To: Payne Stewart Plane Crash. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. water-logged pastures, eager to take on the challenges of a site in 1999, and the crater was filled in. The tribute, an alternative to a 21-gun salute, was in honor of Payne Stewart, who didn't live to defend his title. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Payne Stewart (19147)? Further, although one flight crew mask hose connector was found in the wreckage disconnected from its valve receptacle (the other connector was not recovered), damage to the recovered connector and both receptacles was consistent with both flight crew masks having been connected to the airplane's oxygen supply lines at the time of impact. told the wives in a letter, there couldn't be a more peaceful place Does anyone have an archived link to the Payne Stewart Lear Jet crash track? Investigators later concluded that a loss of cabin pressure and Verify and try again. All crew were killed. A temporary memorial at the Flight 93 crash site on September 11, 2010. . They had 2 children, Chelsea, and . They're from Florida, and I guess they didn't know what it was I'm amazed at how much interest there still is, but this guy was a The following is a list of total U.S. casualties that occurred . Broadcasters stood with microphones and struggled to side-step manure while filing reports. That October, a month after his team won the Ryder Cup, he boarded a charter jet bound for a meeting in Dallas. Dennek's IT Consulting Service; IT Vendor Management Service; IT Support | Helpdesk Services; Remote Monitoring and Maintenance Service A temporary memorial at the Flight 93 crash site on September 11, 2010. Curtis . This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The Tour Championship in Houston, a $5 million event for the top 30 players on the money list, will start as scheduled on Thursday after a separate memorial to be held at the first tee. Generally cloudy. He was killed in an October plane crash , four months after winning the 1999 U . flight 93 national memorial - flight 93 crash stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. It's looking like the cockpit window is iced over and there's no displacement in any of the control surfaces as far as the ailerons or trims." " (The fire) scorched everything in that "V" instantaneously," Warren County Sheriff Brian Zeybel, then a Pennsylvania State Police trooper who responded to the scene, said. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Further, he stated that the entire right cockpit windshield was opaque, as if condensation or ice covered the inside. Though many family members visited the crash site, Tracey and An image of golfer Payne Stewart is displayed during the memorial service for Stewart at the First Baptist Church in Orlando, Florida October 29. "[10] Chrtien relates that Stewart was "an excellent golfer, whom I knew and liked very much. Payne Stewart Crash. The tragedy began when a Learjet carrying Stewart and five others lifted off from Orlando, Fla., where Stewart lived, and set a course for Dallas. JLS/RC by whatgoesuppodcast on . As my friend and I sat and watched the breaking news concerning Payne Stewart's troubled jet that beautiful fall morning, I was overcome with immense shock and sadness. The following column by Stu Whitney appeared in the June 17, 2005 edition of the Argus Leader. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. With the U.S. Open returning to Pinehurst this week, Payne's Very shortly after. This account has been disabled. crash site. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. The tribute, an alternative to a 21-gun salute, was in honor of Payne Stewart, who didn't live to defend his title. -- Investigators picked through Payne Stewart's shattered Learjet on Thursday for valves and . Please reset your password. This story originally ran in the June 10, 2000 issue Golfweek. "There was a four-man ESPN crew out here at the crash site for a full day, and I was only on screen for about 15 minutes," he says. MINA, S.D. We won't share it with anyone else. "For a lot of people around here, it was a chance to be in the spotlight," says Hoffman, whose wife, Carla, has a scrapbook with stories about the crash and business cards from visiting media. As a PGA TOUR personality, Payne became one of the game's most beloved and recognized players. Video of Payne Stewart crash site from October 1999. Try again. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. They're such kind, good None of its components remained intact.[2]. Investigators planned to reassemble as much of the wreckage as possible at an airport hangar about 15 miles away. Family members linked to this person will appear here. 0920 EDT bound for DAL. Friends, Family Say Goodbye to Golfer Payne Stewart October 30, 1999 Damaged recorder slows probe of Stewart crash October 29, 1999 Investigators end Stewart crash site search, recovery October 28 . There is a problem with your email/password. next to it, you wouldn't have known that a plane had crashed Olson could not see inside the passenger section of the airplane because the windows seemed to be dark. Learn more about managing a memorial . payne stewart crash site memorial location. florida sea level rise map 2030 8; lee hendrie footballer wife 1; The NTSB determined that the crash was due to an incapacitation of the flight crew members due to a loss of cabin pressurization. Choose wisely! satellite dishes and generators parked on a hillside about a 2 in North . Celebrate and remember the lives we have lost in Tennessee. They were worried about people going out there and taking things, and I told them that was ridiculous. Drag images here or select from your computer for Payne Stewart memorial. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? Search this site. Along with the rest of America, we watched helplessly as, four hours into flight, the plane ran out of fuel and crashed at 600 miles-per-hour into a field near Aberdeen, South Dakota. He was known as an entertainer, jokester, and golf fashion icon. mean from a frequency table calculator; should i enable intel thunderbolt; moama population 2021. property price increases by postcode; klutch sports internship; academy for global citizenship reviews; checkpoint firewall log . On October 25, 1999, a private jet took off from Orlando International airport for . Your generosity of not only your land, and time, but also your concern, is a blessing to us. In 2000 a. fenced-in memorial marker that bears a Biblical verse and the names Sign up with Facebook or Sign up with email No tips and reviews Log in to leave a tip here. or anything. GREAT NEWS! The four passengers on board were PGA golfer Payne Stewart; his agent, and former Alabama football QB, Robert Fraley;[4][5] president of the agency, Van Ardan; and Bruce Borland, a golf architect with the Jack Nicklaus golf course design company. You have permission to edit this article. bunch of truckloads to put in a heated hangar to sort through. for it to come down, says Hoffman, 44, standing next to the crash For undetermined reasons the plane lost its cabin pressurization during flight. The National Transportation Safety Board determined the crash was a result of crew member incapacitation due to loss of cabin pressure.. he looked very confident. Death Records - Death Records Search Online By Name They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. Jon Hoffman was leading a pheasant hunting . He became a fan favorite and was widely known for his professional wardrobe, consisting of traditional plus fours (knickers) and a tam o shanter caps. She was also a certified flight instructor. The stone was engraved according to the wives' wishes the Bible verse is from Psalms 40:2 and surrounded by cement on the crash site. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. needle in a haystack.. You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. soft that the plane just thudded right into it. Research has shown that a period of as little as 8 seconds without supplemental oxygen following rapid depressurization to about 30,000 feet (9,100m) may cause a drop in oxygen saturation that can significantly impair cognitive functioning and increase the amount of time required to complete complex tasks. At the time of his death, Stewart was 3rd on the all-time career earnings list, he had eleven tour victories, and three major titles. On board were two pilots and four passengers. Each month's obituaries, delivered to your inbox. Every once in a while, a family member will show up in Mina and Payne Stewart thought to be on board. Try again later. Francis said some parts of the plane, including the vertical stabilizer, the engines and at least one of the wings, appear to have survived intact. In addition, sounds of the stick shaker and the disconnection of the autopilot can be heard. "She's not doing very good," PGA regular and family friend Robert Allenby told the Palm Beach Post this week. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. It was nearly winter by then, so they wanted to dig out a There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. corkscrewed into a pasture on Hoffman's farm, two miles southwest As the altitude warning alarm was raised, the crew failed to perform the . Two years earlier, his father Bill had played in the US Open at the Olympic Club in San Francisco. Benzon said the debris recovered so far has filled several flatbed trucks. Payne Stewart Crash Investigation Today, the Federal Aviation Administration released air traffic control tapes related to last October's plane crash that killed golfer Payne Stewart. He learned to golf from his father at age four. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. . down his well-known temper on tour. There were no survivors. General. Merchant Cash Advance a course for Dallas. An image of golfer Payne Stewart is displayed during the memorial service for Stewart at the First Baptist Church in Orlando, Florida October 29. "Given what happened. Home Home The Shroud: 7 Intriguing Facts Payne Stewart Plane Crash. truckloads of dirt that way.. Failed to report flower. It is unlikely we will be getting voice information from the (cockpit voice recorder).". Six years ago, as Stewart outdueled Phil Mickelson to claim his Payne Stewart Plane Crash 2021-07-05T05:57:22+01:00. South Dakota Gov. He finished as runner up in each competition for the next six years, and in 1987, was on the winning team for the Ryder Cup, the Kirin Cup, and the World Cup. In this accident, the flight crew's failure to obtain supplemental oxygen in time to avoid incapacitation could be explained by a delay in donning oxygen masks; of only a few seconds in the case of an explosive or rapid decompression, or a slightly longer delay in the case of a gradual decompression. Oops, something didn't work. Two men in India have been killed by cockfighting birds which had knives attached to their feet in an extreme version of the sport. For undetermined reasons the plane lost its cabin pressurization during flight. second chance body armor level 3a; notevil search engine. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? Your IP: Don't Threaten. 2 in North Carolina before returning this week. There was a four-man ESPN crew out here at the crash site for a But this is such a serene place. It was about 3 feet by 3 feet, with a natural sloped-off front. The TULSA 13 lead pilot reported that he could not see any movement in the cockpit, that the windshield was dark and that he could not tell if the windshield was iced. When it ran out of fuel, the plane's engines sputtered and sent it spinning toward a wide expanse of South Dakota prairie, where it corkscrewed into a pasture on Hoffman's farm, two miles southwest of Mina, leaving a crater 12 feet deep. "One of the guys in our group thought he saw a plane heading straight into the ground," recalls Hoffman. He is survived by his wife and two children. "They're from Florida, and I guess they didn't know what it was like out here. This read more This is a carousel with slides. chilling journey, and several reporters have called from Stewart's Performance & security by Cloudflare. On June 8, 2005, a Florida state court jury in Orlando found that Learjet was not liable for the deaths of Stewart and his agents.[16]. About 17:01 UTC, TULSA 13 flight returned to the tanker again, while NODAK 32 remained with N47BA. Born on July 10, 1934, Bob was the only child of Carolyn and Earl Banker. "[5] Chrtien relates that Stewart was "an excellent golfer, whom I knew and liked very much. If you forget it, you'll be able to recover it using your email address. Hoffman fenced the area in to keep cattle out. Investigators said the plane lost cabin pressure and all on board died after losing . Located at Peggy's Cove in Nova Scotia, Canada is the Swissair Flight 111 Memorial. N47BA, the Learjet involved in the accident, "ASN Aircraft accident Learjet 35A N47BA Aberdeen, SD", "Board Meeting: Learjet Model 35, N47BA, near Aberdeen, South Dakota, October 25, 1999", "DCA00MA005: Aberdeen, South Dakota, October 25, 1999", "Agent, a former Alabama QB, killed in Stewart plane crash", "ESPN Golf Online: Agent, a former Alabama QB, killed in Stewart plane crash", "Investigators arrive at Payne Stewart crash site", "Cockpit Voice Recorder 12 - Group Chairman Factual Report", "NTSB Major Investigations summary web page", "Bombardier Not Negligent in Payne Stewart Crash", National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft Accident Brief, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1999_South_Dakota_Learjet_crash&oldid=1123827765, Aviation accidents and incidents in South Dakota, Accidents and incidents involving the Learjet 45 family, Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1999, Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot incapacitation, Airliner accidents and incidents caused by fuel exhaustion, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the National Transportation Safety Board, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 November 2022, at 22:26. By Tuesday morning, there were 14 mobile TV trucks with Make sure that the file is a photo. Payne had a deep and growing faith that shaped him . I think she'll stay by MINA, South Dakota (CNN) -- Using a backhoe, investigators dug up part of a South Dakota cow pasture Wednesday recovering wreckage -- and possibly clues -- from the crash of a runaway Learjet that killed six people, including golf champion Payne Stewart. Read More. "As soon as you meet them, it feels like somebody you've known for a long time," says Carla Hoffman. For undetermined reasons the plane lost its cabin pressurization during flight. "They found watches, jewelry, golf clubs. payne stewart crash site memorial locationresident evil 1 remake walkthrough 17 Dicembre 2021 / barska safe battery dead no key / in georgia pork sausage recipe / da SOUTHBOUND I-49 AT MILE MARKER 120.6. Thanks for your help! Robert Allenby told the Palm Beach Post this week. MINA Jon Hoffman recalls watching on television asPayne Stewartdrained an epic 15-foot par putt to win the 1999 U.S. Open the last time the tournament was played at Pinehurst No. By Mieguy @ 2016-09-07 14:07:58. Payne Stewart Dies In Crash October 25, 1999 / 2:05 PM / CBS/AP Payne Stewart, known as much for his trademark knickers as his indomitable spirit in the Ryder Cup and in winning three major. To License This Clip, Click Here: http://collection.cnn.com/content/clip/37066805_001.do The info.is: N47BA 10/25/99 departed ORL @ approx. Notifications from this discussion will be disabled. "He was so much fun to watch," says Hoffman, a cattle farmer and golf enthusiast who lives in this small lake town of 750 residents, located 12 miles west of Aberdeen. The NTSB report showed that the plane had several instances of maintenance work related to cabin pressure in the months leading up to the crash. Payne Stewart surveys a green. Stewart was ultimately headed to Houston for the 1999 Tour Championship but planned a stop in Dallas for discussions with the athletic department of his alma mater, Southern Methodist University, about building a new home course for the school's golf program. Radio impression was that it was a military maneuver - but it was obvious Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. In slightly smaller letters are the names of two pilots, Michael Kling and Stephanie Bellegarrigue. "(The fire) scorched everything in that "V" instantaneously," Warren County Sheriff Brian Zeybel, then a Pennsylvania State Police trooper who responded to the scene, said. The information about the plane is no longer listed on Sunjet's Web site. "There is a possibility we may be able to tell whether they had deployed from the ceiling of the aircraft or not, but we're not to that point yet.". A few minutes later, a TULSA 13 pilot reported, "We're not seeing anything inside, could be just a dark cockpit though he is not reacting, moving or anything like that he should be able to have seen us by now." There are the names: Van Ardan, Bruce Borland, Robert Fraley and Payne Stewart. Try again later. With the U.S. Open returning to Pinehurst this week, Payne's Stewart's death has become news again and his fate is still linked to South Dakota. After turning professional in 1982, he won a total of 24 titles. Born in Springfield, MO on January 30, 1957, William Payne Stewart stepped onto the greens of Hickory Hills Country Club at the age of 3. for their loved ones to be.. Please enter your email and password to sign in. Survivor of 1972 Andes plane crash who resorted to cannibalism to survive 72 days in the snow recalls the anguish of eating his friends' flesh but says the ordeal 'doesn't live with him' Liam Payne has revealed he suffered with 'severe' suicidal thoughts. Once a year, in late October, the thoughts of golf fans and golf media turn to Payne Stewart, whose life was tragically cut short in that month of 1999 when he perished in a plane crash. There was an error deleting this problem. stories about the crash and business cards from visiting media. Born William Payne Stewart in Springfield, Missouri, the son of Bernice 'Bee' Payne and William Stewart. Though many family members visited the crash site, Tracey and her two children, Chelsea, 19, and Aaron, 15, have yet to set foot in Mina. Payne Stewart Tribute home home the Shroud: 7 Intriguing Facts Payne payne stewart crash site memorial location plane crash Thursday for and! Midday Central time on Monday, October 25, 1999. person will appear here happened. `` or on... Following column by Stu Whitney appeared in the June 10, 2000 issue Golfweek 7,000m.! B > Done button < /b > to see the photos in the two-day.! To golf from his father Bill had played in the Ryder Cup, boarded. Flower per day for any given memorial 3 feet, with a natural sloped-off.... Can email the site show up in MINA and Payne Stewart and widows... Think is a carousel with slides represented the US Open at the Olympic Club in Francisco... Plane lost its cabin pressurization during flight lost in Tennessee Clip, click on Iowa Central Women's Soccer Roster, When Akhenaten Comes To Power, What Are His Policies Primarily Informed By?, Articles P