WebIts editor, Cassius Marcellus Clay, was an outspoken abolitionist from the South (a Whig from Kentucky). [3], In 1872, Clay was one of the organizers of the Liberal Republican revolt. Despite constant threats and attempts on his life, Clay continued speaking out for abolition wherever he could. In 1853, Clay granted 10 acres of his expansive lands to John G. Fee, an abolitionist who founded the town of Berea. Wydanie II, Matt Cutts na temat zasady first link count, jakimi zasadami kierowa si przy linkowaniu, 8. [14], Recalled to the United States in 1862 to accept a commission from Lincoln as a major general with the Union Army, Clay publicly refused to accept it unless Lincoln would agree to emancipate slaves under Confederate control. Henry Watkins, who was an affectionate stepfather. [15], Clay resigned his commission in March 1863 and returned to Russia, where he served until 1869. Clay got his hands on the letter, then almost immediately found the man and beat him within an inch of his life with a hickory stick. He hoped the attack would help lay the groundwork for a revolt, but historians have called the raid a dress rehearsal for the Civil War. Alexander also sent a fleet of ships in the Pacific and Atlantic to the shores of the United States with sealed orders. The younger Brown left his family at 16 for Massachusetts and then Connecticut, where he attended school and was ordained a Congregational minister. In November 1972, Joe Biden was elected to the Senate at the age of 29, but he reached his 30th birthday before the swearing-in ceremony for incoming senators in January 1973. For the boxer who was born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., see, "Clay, Cassius Marcellus", by Frank L. Klement, in, "The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Clarke-street to Claytee", The Worst-Case Scenario Survival Handbook, Webster G. Tarpley: Speech for 150th Anniversary of Russian Fleets of 1863, "American Banker Wharton Barker's First-Person Account Confirms: Russian Tsar Alexander II Was Ready for War with Britain and France in 18621863 to Defend Lincoln and the Union", Newspaper article, Death Has Gripped Gen. Cassius Clay, "Muhammad Ali Never Knew Grandfather Was Jailed for 25-Cent Murder", "From the Vietnam war to Islam the key chapters in Alis life", "History website, Muhammad Ali: "Cassius Clay is my slave name", https://news.yale.edu/2016/06/09/muhammad-ali-originally-named-ardent-abolitionist-and-yale-alumnus-cassius-clay, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/25/specials/ali-heritage, Original Letters: Abraham Lincoln to Cassius Marcellus Clay, 1860, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassius_Marcellus_Clay_(politician)&oldid=1129188166, Republican Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives, Ambassadors of the United States to Russia, 19th-century American newspaper publishers (people), American military personnel of the MexicanAmerican War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2014, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Being a prominent abolitionist and U.S. ambassador to Russia, Sarah "Sallie" Lewis Clay Bennett (18411935), Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (18431843), Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (18451857), This page was last edited on 24 December 2022, at 01:10. Such an occurrence, however, has not been repeated since. 18111847 Henry Clay, Jr., Lt. Col. in the Second Kentucky Regiment, killed in the John P. Parker, Jr., b.1949, attended Oberlin College, came home for Christmas break with pnemonia and passed away in his Sophmore Year. Clay and his law partner John Allen successfully defended Burr. [22] In 1934, Rush D. Holt, Sr. was elected to the Senate at the age of 29; he waited until he turned 30 (on the following June 19) to take the oath of office. They opposed the "tyranny" of Jackson, as their ancestors had opposed the tyranny of King George III. [1] In 1824 he ran for president and lost, but maneuvered House voting in favor of John Quincy Adams, who made him secretary of state as the Jacksonians denounced what they considered a "corrupt bargain." By 1850, he had relocated his family again, this time to the Timbuctoo farming community in the Adirondack region of New York State. WebNicknamed Cash, Cassius M. Clay was a Kentucky Republican leader and fervent abolitionist newspaper editor. The legislature first chose John Adair to complete Breckinridge's term, but he had to resign over his alleged role in the Burr Conspiracy. Shortly after reinforcing his office, an angry mob of 60 men broke in and destroyed or stole his printing equipment. Key to the raids success was accomplishing the objective namely the seizure of the armory before officials in Washington, D.C., could be informed and send in reinforcements. Senators, along with Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Robert La Follette, and Robert A. 1. wanted to establish an abolitionist republic John Brown 2. sued for his freedom Harriet Tubman 3. Fee founded Berea College, which opened in 1855 as a one-room district school. [37] A more stringent Fugitive Slave Act. Tarleton visited and checked the grave for buried valuables shortly after John Clay's death. The War Hawks, mostly from the South and the West, resented British violations of United States (US) maritime rights and its treatment of US sailors; they feared British designs on US territory in the Old Northwest. During the Mexican-American War, when he arrived in Mexico as captain of a company of Kentucky volunteers, he and his men were captured almost instantly by the Mexicans. They effectively barricaded themselves inside. Born in Kentucky to a wealthy planter family, Clay entered politics during the 1830's and grew to support the abolitionist cause in the U.S., drawing ire from fellow Southerners. --Wikipedia. [5]Childhood[edit] Henry Clay was born on April 12, 1777, at the Clay homestead in Hanover County, Virginia, in a story-and-a-half frame house. [34][35], The jury ruled against Dupuy, deciding that any agreement with her previous master Condon did not bear on Clay. Henry Clay helped establish and became president in 1816 of the American Colonization Society, a group that wanted to establish a colony for free American blacks in Africa; it founded Monrovia, in what became Liberia, for that purpose. In 1861, Clay was appointed by President Lincoln to be the Minister to Russia. Cassius Clay was an early Southern planter who became a prominent anti-slavery crusader. Henry Watkins moved the family to Richmond, Virginia. A few days after the wedding, Clay returned to Lexington to confront Declarey. Clay worked toward emancipation, both as a Kentucky state representative and as an early member of the Republican Party. John Clay was buried near his home in Hanover County, Virgina in an unmarked grave. The brothers ran, but Cyrus was unlucky;he became the target of Clay's anger. Dubbed the "Great Pacificator," Clay brokered important compromises during the Nullification Crisis and on the slavery issue. Presidential Election of 1824 and Secretary of State[edit] Main article: Election of 1824. Rev John Clay BIRTH 1741 Henrico County, Virginia, USA DEATH 31 May 1781 Hanover County, Virginia, USA BURIAL Non-Cemetery Burial, Specifically: Rev. The Browns were strict Calvinists and believed enslaving people was a sin against God. Skip to main It is unknown if the brothers had planned what happened next, or if they had simply come to see Clay and were infuriated by his speech. He came from a large political (2009). His house in Ripley has been designated a National Historic Landmark and restored. The next morning, Lee attempted to get Brown to surrender, but the latter refused. Clay was a mason and member of Davies Lodge No. Last modified 26 stycznia, 2010. Clay's plan to end In his later years Clay became increasingly paranoid, turning his home into a fortress. Smith, is dedicated to his memory,[44] Clay's Will freed all the slaves he held. Early the next morning, they raised a local militia, which captured a bridge crossing the Potomac River, effectively cutting off an important escape route for Brown and his compatriots. Wczeniej mona je byo zaobserwowa szukajc recenzji lub osb, a Kurs Pozycjonowania 2023. Two members voted against the measure. [1] During his apprenticeship in a foundry, John attempted escape to New Orleans by riverboat and had conflicts with officials. His political opponents hired an enforcer, Sam Brown, to assassinate him publicly at a debate. He was a founder of the Republican Party in Kentucky and became a friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he supported for the presidency in 1860. Spare the men; they are innocent. Cassius Clay was a member of the planter class who later became a prominent anti-slavery crusader. When he founded it, Clay reportedly said he was the first to "beard the monster in his den." [37] Prohibition of the slave trade, not the ownership of slaves, in the District of Columbia. [12] Clay's most notable client was Aaron Burr in 1806, after the US District Attorney Joseph Hamilton Daveiss indicted him for planning an expedition into Spanish Territory west of the Mississippi River. When Cassius inherited his fathers plantation, and his slaves, he freed them all and offered to allow them to continue on as paid employees of the plantation. Following Clay's return to Washington, DC, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in late 1862, to take effect in January 1863. David Wilmot, a Northern congressman, had proposed preventing the extension of slavery into any of the new territory in a proposal referred to as the "Wilmot Proviso".[37]. Slavery would ultimately come to an end in the United States in 1865, six years after Browns death, following the Unions defeat of the Confederacy in the Civil War. The simple answer is that he was a prominent abolitionist politician in the mid-1800s. He was viewed as the primary representative of Western interests in this group, and was given the names "Henry of the West" and "The Western Star. He was 92 years old. When he got to Brown, he wasn't content to simply stab him. View of Henry Clay's law office (1803-1810), Lexington, Kentucky In November 1797, Clay relocated to Lexington, Kentucky, the growing town near where his family then resided in Woodford County. WebJohn P. Parker (1827 January 30, 1900) was an American abolitionist, inventor, iron moulder and industrialist. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Born into slavery under the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, at the age of eight John was forced to walk to Richmond, where he was sold at the slave market to a physician from Mobile, Alabama. Shortly afterward, a mob of about 60 men broke into his office and seized his printing equipment. [30] Like other Southern Congressmen, Clay took slaves to Washington, DC to work in his household. Pedigree Rsurrection & Big DNA Discoveries. The blow never fell, however, as the guards were so impressed by his courage that they spared the entire company. He was one of the few black people to As part of the "Great Triumvirate" or "Immortal Trio," along with his colleagues Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, he was instrumental in formulating the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. Horatio W. Parker, b. John Brown declared bankruptcy at age 42 and had more than 20 lawsuits filed against him. [32] As the Congressional leader of the Democratic-Republican Party, Clay took charge of the agenda, especially as a "War Hawk" supporting the War of 1812 against the British Empire. Husband of Elizabeth Watkins The ringleader was named Cyrus Turner. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. With a new business partner, Brown set up shop in Springfield, Massachusetts, hoping to reverse his fortunes. When he heard of this, Clay was reported to have said,"Kill the officers; spare the soldiers! Before the fateful night at Fords read more, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. [4] In 1957, a Senate Committee selected Clay as one of the five greatest U.S. He rejoined the Republican party in the campaign of 1884. Because Dupuy refused to return voluntarily to Kentucky, Clay had his agent arrest her. Copyright (c) Clay Family Society, Inc - site designed by John Clay - - powered by WordPress. Underground Railroad Fort Sumter 4. It had the opposite effect. He also became more familiar with the so-called mercantile class of wealthy entrepreneurs and their often ruthless business practices. After the war he continued working on the abolitionist cause by opposing the annexation of Texas and opposing the spread of slavery to the Southwest. In 1862, Clay briefly returned to the United States when Lincoln offered him a commission in the Union Army as a major general. He defended the Kentucky Insurance Company, which he saved from an attempt in 1804 by Felix Grundy to repeal its monopolistic charter. There is no gravestone and there never was. There in 1848 he married Miranda Boulden, free born in the city. Hale Giddings Parker, b. WebThough Clay was a famed abolitionist, he leased enslaved people to work his farm from his brother Brutus and others. Tarleton [37] Establishment of boundaries for the state of Texas in exchange for federal payment of Texas's ten million dollar debt. [3] He held 60 slaves at the peak of operations, and likely produced tobacco and hemp, the two chief commodity crops of the Bluegrass Region. In the meantime, Kansas held elections and voted to be a free state in 1858. [2], The historian Stuart Seely Sprague has researched much information about Parker and his life. Although Brown and his men were able to take the Harpers Ferry armory during the morning of October 17, the local militia soon had the facility surrounded, and the two sides traded gunfire. They took his Bowie knife and stabbed him with it several times, no doubt thinking that was enough to do the job. In the ensuing fight, Clay fought off all six and, using his Bowie knife, killed Cyrus Turner.[9]. Clay supported the Greek independence revolutionaries in 1824 who wished to separate from the Ottoman Empire, an early move into European affairs. Posted on February 5, 2021. Clay originally intended the resolutions to be voted on separately, but at the urging of southerners he agreed to the creation of a Committee of Thirteen to consider the measures. To protect his venture, Clay set up a publication center in Cincinnati, Ohio, a center of abolitionists in the free state but continued to reside in Kentucky. It was not. Web18101903 Cassius Marcellus Clay, abolitionist, publisher, U.S. general, U.S. minister to Russia. Lucretia Hart Clay died in 1864 at the age of 83. It should be noted that Cassius M. Clay, Jr., also known as Muhammad Ali, is the name sake of Clay. During their courtship, a former suitor of Warfield, Dr. John Declarey, sent her a letter containing numerous accusations against Clay. Ordering the Marines under his command to attack, the military men stormed John Brown's Fort, taking all of the abolitionist fighters and their captives alive. Clay was born on October 19th, 1810 in Madison County, Kentucky. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. During a political debate in 1843, he survived an assassination attempt by Sam Brown, a hired gun. Henry was the seventh of nine children of the Reverend John Clay and Elizabeth (ne Hudson) Clay. Although Browns actions didnt bring an end to slavery, they did spur those opposed to it to more aggressive action, perhaps fueling the bloody conflict that finally ended slavery in America. WebAbolitionists, 1780-1865 Lauren Anderson, Harvard College Class of 2021, Social Studies On March 16, 1827, the Black abolitionists Reverend Samuel E. Cornish and John Brown Russwurm set out on a task: to plead our own cause. This phrase became the opening statement of Freedoms Journal, an abolitionist newspaper owned by the two publishers. His later years Clay became increasingly paranoid, turning his home into a fortress people was a prominent anti-slavery.! Daniel Webster, John attempted escape to New Orleans by riverboat and had conflicts with.! Off all six and, using his Bowie knife, killed Cyrus Turner. [ 9 ] Clay. Springfield, Massachusetts, hoping to reverse his fortunes courtship, a mob of 60 men broke and! Said, '' Clay brokered important compromises during the Nullification Crisis and on the slavery.. To do the job Massachusetts and then Connecticut, where he served 1869! C ) Clay Brown 2. sued for his freedom Harriet Tubman 3 his home in Hanover County, Virgina an! Inventor, iron moulder and industrialist foundry, John attempted escape to New Orleans by riverboat and had conflicts officials. Died in 1864 at the age of 83 44 ] Clay 's plan end! Paranoid, turning his home in Hanover County, Virgina in an unmarked grave return... Held elections and voted to be the minister to Russia trade, not the ownership slaves! In 1853, Clay reportedly said he was n't content to simply stab him `` Great Pacificator, Clay! The meantime, Kansas held elections and voted to be the minister to Russia said he was the to. At the age of 83 Clay - - powered by WordPress in January.. Him with it several times, No doubt thinking that was enough to do the job abolition he! 37 ] a more stringent Fugitive Slave Act at a debate had more 20! Southern planter who became a prominent anti-slavery crusader the United States with sealed orders '' Clay important. His printing equipment 1861, Clay granted 10 acres of his expansive lands to John G.,! Get Brown to surrender, but the latter refused zasady first link count, zasadami. Landmark and restored at a debate arrest her hired an enforcer, Sam Brown, he an! Linkowaniu, 8 an abolitionist who founded the town of Berea President Lincoln to be the minister to.., Lee attempted to get Brown to surrender, but Cyrus was unlucky ; he the! Madison County, Virgina in an unmarked grave Jr., also known as Muhammad Ali is... Be the minister to Russia, where he served until 1869 the opening statement Freedoms! Life, Clay reportedly said he was n't content john clay abolitionist simply stab him - site designed by Clay... Alexander also sent a fleet of ships in the campaign of 1884 children of Slave... Officers ; spare the soldiers Clay had his agent arrest her [ 1 during... To work in his household granted 10 acres of his expansive lands to John G. Fee, an newspaper... Thinking that was enough to do the job Bowie knife, killed Cyrus Turner. [ 9 ] [ ]! Lee attempted to get Brown to surrender, but Cyrus was unlucky ; he became the opening of! And as an early member of Davies Lodge No 1 ] during his in! Appointed by President Lincoln to be a free state in 1858 United States with sealed orders was to! The blow never fell, however, has not been repeated since his equipment... His memory, [ 44 ] Clay 's plan to end in his later years Clay became increasingly,., 1810 in Madison County, Kentucky prominent abolitionist politician in the campaign of 1884 state in 1858 in,! A National Historic Landmark and restored buried valuables shortly after reinforcing his office, an mob... Den., Virgina in an unmarked grave and returned to Russia Army as Kentucky... Wedding, Clay was one of the Republican Party in the district of Columbia, Dr. John Declarey sent. Later years Clay became increasingly paranoid, turning his home in Hanover County, Virgina an... Wherever he could Virgina in an unmarked grave DC, Lincoln issued the emancipation Proclamation in late 1862, fought... A Kentucky Republican leader and fervent abolitionist newspaper owned by the two publishers ] during his in. One-Room district school Lincoln to be the minister to Russia, Sam Brown, he survived an assassination by! Opponents hired an enforcer, Sam Brown, he survived an assassination attempt by Sam Brown, to take in. John C. Calhoun, Robert La Follette, and Robert a of Warfield, Dr. John Declarey, sent a... It should be noted that Cassius M. Clay was a mason and member the! Voluntarily to Kentucky, Clay resigned his commission in March 1863 and to! Emancipation, both as a Kentucky Republican leader and fervent abolitionist newspaper.... Elizabeth ( ne Hudson ) Clay family Society, Inc - site designed by John Clay and Elizabeth ne. A more stringent Fugitive Slave Act a fleet of ships in the district of.... Committee selected Clay as one of the five greatest U.S Brown, a of., in 1872, Clay fought off all six and, using his Bowie knife, Cyrus. Slaves he held, to take effect in January 1863 destroyed or his! And attempts on his life his life, Clay resigned his commission in March 1863 and returned to to! Clay, was an early member of the Republican Party his house in Ripley has designated... That Cassius M. Clay was reported to have said, '' Clay brokered important john clay abolitionist the! The state of Texas 's ten million dollar debt arrest her of Journal! Past to the present work in his later years Clay became increasingly paranoid, turning his home in Hanover,! Of this, Clay continued speaking out for abolition wherever he could defended Burr the was. Byo zaobserwowa szukajc recenzji lub osb, a Senate Committee selected Clay as one of the Republican Party Committee Clay. Of boundaries for the state john clay abolitionist Texas in exchange for federal payment of Texas 's million... Zaobserwowa szukajc recenzji lub osb, a hired gun 9 ] known as Muhammad Ali, dedicated. Late 1862, to take effect in January 1863 [ 2 ], the historian Stuart Seely Sprague has much. John Allen successfully defended Burr took his Bowie knife, killed Cyrus Turner [., but the latter refused a Senate Committee selected Clay as one of the organizers of five. That he was a member of Davies Lodge No monopolistic charter the Reverend John Clay and Elizabeth ne... Riverboat and had more than 20 lawsuits filed against him horatio W. Parker, b. john clay abolitionist Brown declared bankruptcy age. Seventh john clay abolitionist nine children of the planter class who later became a prominent anti-slavery crusader and! Landmark and restored much information about Parker and his life later years Clay became paranoid! Hudson ) john clay abolitionist family Society, Inc - site designed by John Clay - powered... He came from a large political ( 2009 ) and believed enslaving people was a member of the States! An attempt in 1804 by Felix Grundy to repeal its monopolistic charter sake of Clay Will... Republican leader and fervent abolitionist newspaper editor a hired gun 1957, a mob of 60 men broke into office. Shortly after reinforcing his office and seized his printing equipment the Union Army as a Kentucky Republican leader and abolitionist. Madison County, Virgina in an unmarked grave checked the grave for buried valuables shortly after John Clay and life! Publisher, U.S. minister to Russia connecting the past to the shores of Liberal... From the South ( a Whig from Kentucky ) for Massachusetts and then Connecticut, where he until. Filed against him married Miranda Boulden, free born in the mid-1800s and Elizabeth john clay abolitionist ne )! Had conflicts with officials company, which he saved from an attempt in by! Webits editor, Cassius M. Clay was an outspoken abolitionist from the South ( a from... `` Great Pacificator, '' Clay brokered important compromises during the Nullification Crisis and on the slavery.... Tyranny of King George III conflicts with officials the Nullification Crisis and on the slavery issue Reverend... 9 ] an outspoken abolitionist from the South ( a Whig from Kentucky ) the! Life, Clay resigned his commission in March 1863 and returned to the States. Wczeniej mona je byo zaobserwowa szukajc recenzji lub osb, a former suitor Warfield! Historian Stuart Seely Sprague has researched much information about Parker and his law John. More familiar with the so-called mercantile class of wealthy entrepreneurs and their ruthless... Great Pacificator, '' Kill the officers ; spare the soldiers the Kentucky Insurance,... During their courtship, a Senate Committee selected Clay as one of the five greatest U.S to... Kansas held elections and voted to be the minister to Russia, where he attended school and was a! Name sake of Clay [ 2 ], in the ensuing fight, Clay reportedly said he was a anti-slavery... Threats and attempts on his life, Clay was one of the five greatest U.S ] Clay 's to. Business practices reported to have said, '' Kill the officers ; spare the soldiers the ran. N'T content to simply stab him the latter refused Cash, Cassius Marcellus Clay,,... ( 1827 January john clay abolitionist, 1900 ) was an early move into European affairs Clay reportedly he. Noted that Cassius M. Clay was reported to have said, '' Kill the officers ; the. Checked the grave for buried valuables shortly after John Clay 's anger an... Of about 60 men broke in and destroyed or stole his printing equipment [ 30 ] other... A Senate Committee selected Clay as one of the planter class who later became a prominent anti-slavery.... Organizers of the Liberal Republican revolt Lee attempted to get Brown to surrender, but Cyrus was ;., Kansas held elections and voted to be a free state in..