His work included identifying and counting the number of troops in uniform who were drinking while on duty, verifying hotel liquor licenses, and tracking down individuals who owed money to the cash-strapped Union Army. Why were some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the Old West. [c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed they could apply the unwritten law of the "fair fight" and acquit. Both parents were reputed to be unsavory, involved in petty crimes and often financially destitute. Outlaw John Wesley Hardin arrived in Abilene at the end of a cattle drive in early 1871. During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. August marks of the deaths of two of the Wild West's most famous figures: Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. Like his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickok was the son of an abolitionist. In court she presented the judge with a doctors certificate indicating she was in a rather delicate condition, an early euphemism for pregnant. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. Jessie and Jane were back together when they arrived in Billings, Montana in 1898. "J.B. Hickok, Deputy U.S. On March 5, 1876, he married Agnes Thatcher Lake, an owner of a circus in Cheyenne, Wyoming territory. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. He is chiefly portrayed as a protagonist, although historical accounts of his actions are often controversial, and much of his career is known to have been exaggerated both by himself and by contemporary mythmakers. Both towns had become outposts for lawless men before Hickok arrived and turned things around. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! Calamity Jane is reputed to have led a mob that threatened McCall with lynching, but at the time of Hickok's death, Jane was actually being held by military authorities. ", Judge Boyd said, "That when danger is threatened and impending a man is not compelled to stand with his arms folded until it is too late to offer successful resistance, and if the jury believe from the evidence that Tutt was a fighting character and a dangerous man and that [Defendant] was aware such was his character and that Tutt at the time he was shot by the Deft. Hickok, just a stable-hand at the time, killed the three men, despite being severely injured. "Wild Bill. Nick McGlashan had two children, Lennyn Annette Richardson of Unalaska (7) and Kane Wilder Hammond of Port Townsend, WA (1). Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the first of its kind. McCall shot Hickok from behind as he played poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory on August 2, 1876. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. [28] Tutt's shot missed, but Hickok's struck Tutt through the heart from about 75 yards (69m) away. In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. He was the fourth son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok. Calamity Jane. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. England and Wales company registration number 2008885. subscribe to All About History for as little as 26. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. Im glad shes come [home from school] while youre here, Jane told Fox, fer I want you to see her. Paramount Pictures' Western silent film Wild Bill Hickok (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. He fought and spied for the Union Army during the American Civil War and gained publicity after the war as a scout, marksman, actor, and professional gambler. Pard, we will meet again in the happy hunting ground to part no more. In the HBO show Deadwood (2004-2006), Wild Bill is played by Keith Carradine. Following his Civil War service, Wild Bill Hickok moved to Kansas where he was appointed sheriff in Hays City and marshal of Abilene. James Butler Hickok was born in Troy Grove, Illinois, on May 27, 1837, to William Alonzo Hickok and Polly Butler Hickok. He told Clemmons (Hardin) to stay out of trouble in Abilene and asked him to hand over his guns, and Hardin complied. [7], In 1873, Buffalo Bill Cody and Texas Jack Omohundro invited Hickok to join their troupe after their earlier success. [36][37], In December 1867, newspapers reported that Hickok had come to stay in Hays City, Kansas. Hardin was in town under his assumed name Wesley Clemmons, but was better known to the townspeople by the alias "Little Arkansas". [3] [4] James was the fourth of six children. Still, feeling he had escaped punishment, McCall began to brag to anyone that would listen that he had killed Wild Bill Hickok. When did cowboys begin wearing these shirts? shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". [62][63] Hickok may have told his friend Charlie Utter and others who were traveling with them that he thought he would be killed while in Deadwood. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. In the melee that followed, Hickok shot Woods, who, most historians agree, was then attacked and ultimately killed with a hoe by Mrs. Wellman. Under the name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" [sic], the article recounted the "hundreds" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits. But thirty years had passed when she began making inquiries about Jane, whom she thought was her grandmother. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. 1. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. Wild Bill Hickok is remembered for his services in Kansas as sheriff of Hays City and marshal of Abilene, where his ironhanded rule helped to tame two of the most lawless towns on the frontier. Witnesses confirm that the story was true to the extent the party had set out to find whoever had killed the four men,[e] but the group returned to the fort "without nary a dead Indian, [never] even seeing a live one". He is now at Yankton, D.T. Wild Bill Hickok's iconic status is rooted in a shootout in July 1861 in what came to be known as the McCanles Massacre in Rock Creek, Nebraska. During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. The cards he was holding at the time a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights became known as "the dead man's hand.". . Burke she had enrolled Jessie in the school. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. Jean McCormick was the daughter of Jane "Calamity Jane" Cannary and James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok. James Butler Hickok, better known as " Wild Bill ," was a wagon master, soldier, scout, lawman, gunfighter, gambler, showman, and actor well-known in the American West. Hickok's retort is one of the West's most famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876), also known as "Wild Bill" Hickok was a legendary figure in the old west. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. by Marshall Trimble | Nov 1, 2007 | Inside History. [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. "Gunfighters of the Real West: Wild Bill Hickok. He twice asked another man at the table, Charles Rich, to change seats with him, but Rich refused. At the time of the so-called McCanles Massacre, Hickok was known as Duck Bill because of his sweeping nose and protruding upper lip (covered with a mustache later in life). [59], The next day, Hickok was playing poker again. Even in death Hickok's legend grew. Hickok and Brinks were charged with murder but found not guilty. Calamity Jane (1852-1903) was a well-known American frontierswoman and entertainment who was well-known for her marksmanship and acquaintance with Wild Bill Hickok. In 1855, at the age of 18, he left to become a part of thegrowing American West. [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. [23][b], After the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok became a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri. He seemed to have respect for Hickok's abilities and replied, "If Bill needs killing, why don't you kill him yourself? ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:12. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1979). (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . Wikimedia Commons Calamity Jane poses in front of Wild Bill Hickok's grave. There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State. They initially agreed not to fight over the watch, but when Hickok saw Tutt wearing it, he warned him to stay away. The. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. Jane had been hired to travel with Kohl & Middleton Dime Museums; as she purchased her ticket out of town she told railroad agent A.O. Four of the men on the self-appointed committee who planned Calamity's funeral (Albert Malter, Frank Ankeney, Jim Carson, and Anson Higby) later stated that, since Hickok had "absolutely no use" for Jane in this life, they decided to play a posthumous joke on him by laying her to rest by his side. [i][68], Jack McCall was hanged on March 1, 1877, and buried in a Roman Catholic cemetery. Later historians, however, have presented a radically different portrayal of the events at Rock Creek. In the early 1990s ABC television series Young Riders, a fictional account of Pony Express riders, Hickok is portrayed by Josh Brolin.[80]. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. Did Old West houses have outhouses, and were public facilities available? We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during a street brawl when Coe fired two shots. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. William Austin, the cemetery caretaker, estimated 500lb (230kg). The identity of the fifth card (his "hole card") is also the subject of debate. He worked as a technical writer on the Atlas, Minuteman, and Titan missile-launching systems, as well as Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. "[49], Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, had a dispute that resulted in a shootout. They performed together until Bill was tragically murdered in 1869. All About History is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. BA1 1UA The couple had five children besides James Butler, three boys and two girls. [j] Utter supervised the move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok had been imperfectly embalmed. 10 in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? Many people knew that Jane had a "crush" on Hickok but few, if any, knew that they were married. After a brief visit from Hickok, who then rode off into the sunset, a sea captain named James ONeil happened to find her. Doc Holliday did have a bad cough, as suggested in this episode, from his tuberculosis. [66] McCall was acquitted of the murder, which prompted editorializing in the Black Hills Pioneer: "Should it ever be our misfortune to kill a man we would simply ask that our trial may take place in some of the mining camps of these hills." The trial began on December 4 and it only took two days for the jury to find McCall guilty. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. Before being called Wild Bill Hickok, his original name was James Butler Hickok. This, in turn, was destroyed by souvenir hunters and replaced in 1902 by a life-sized sandstone sculpture of Hickok. He drove freight wagons and coaches. In July 1865, "Wild Bill" Hickok shot and killed Davis Tutt in Springeld, MOthe rst quick-draw duel on the frontier. was advancing on him with a drawn pistol and that Tutt had previously made threats of personal injury to Deft. She was born in Missouri and spent most of her life on the country's western border. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). In real life, Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary) never met 'Doc' Holliday: she actually was in love and pursued 'Wild Bill' Hickock. Mulvey angrily declared that he had come to town to kill Hickok. Hickok moved to Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, where he joined Jim Lane's Free State Army (also known as the Jayhawkers), an antislavery vigilante group active in the new territory during the Bleeding Kansas era. He was released from the group after a few months. Col. George Armstrong Custer. Brady, like Varnes, had disappeared from Deadwood and could not be found. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill . In addition to many exploits she was known for being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok.Late in her life, she appeared in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show and at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.She is said to have exhibited compassion to others . I heard him speak recently, and his is the definitive work on this wild woman of the West. Hickok said he had "tried to restore order". Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. At the coroner's inquest into Strawhun's death, despite "very contradictory" evidence from witnesses, the jury found the shooting justifiable. [44] In his 1895 autobiography, published after his death, Hardin claimed to have been befriended by Hickok, the newly elected town marshal, after he had disarmed the marshal using the road agent's spin, but Hardin was known to exaggerate. He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. More concrete evidence of Jessie came from Charles Zimmerman, who remembered Jane and her daughters frequent visits to his familys ranch near Billings, Montana in 1893. [24], In late 1863, Hickok worked for the provost marshal of southwest Missouri as a member of the Springfield detective police. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. He was the son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok (Fishwick). In the Frederic Remington illustration of The Sentinel, is the mission San Xavier del Bac? [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. [citation needed], On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. For the next several years, various witnesses saw Jane, who towed Jessie around with her as she drank her way across the west. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. After his August 1876 murder, she further claimed that they had been married and that he was the father of her child. If the deceased and defendant engaged in a fight or conflict willingly on the part of each, and the defendant killed the deceased, he is guilty of the offense charged, although the deceased may have fired the first shot. Hickok was of English ancestry. Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried next to Hickok according to her dying wish. Just weeks later, on her deathbed in Terry, South Dakota, Jane confessed that she and Jessie were now estranged and declined to say where her daughter was living. Bill and Jane are buried next to each other in Deadwoods Mount Moriah Cemetery. Hickok was arrested for murder, tried, and acquitted. McCall alleged that John Varnes, a Deadwood gambler, had paid him to murder Wild Bill. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. [38], In July 1869, Hickok returned to Hays and was elected city marshal of Hays and sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas, in a special election held on August 23, 1869. Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! Standing some 50 yards away from his subject, Hickok "without sighting his pistol and with his eye" rang off six shots, each of them hitting the direct center of the letter. ), 18721886. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. "The Custer-Hickok Shootout in Hays City. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. Hickok was killed August 2, 1876, at the age of 39, and Calamity Jane died of illness on August 1, 1903, at age 51; both died in South Dakota.. During his life, Hickok was a soldier, scout, stagecoach driver, lawman, gunfighter, showman, marksman, gambler, and more. It was written by Michael Lanahan and directed by Timothy Woodward Jr. Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . Picks on rebels, especially Texans, to kill." "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. [19] According to Hickok's account, he found the road blocked by a cinnamon bear and its two cubs. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. Shes all Ive got to live fer; shes my only comfort [sic]. Fox described Jessie as neatly dressed but shy and embarrassed. Yet she had a bright face, and her manners were very good for one whose opportunities had been so few.. Though no solid record exists, he is believed to have served as a Union spy in the Confederate Army before his discharge in 1865. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. [77][78] A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.[79]. Infuriated, Thompson tried to incite John Wesley Hardin to kill Hickok by exclaiming to Hardin that "He's a damn Yankee. He was born James Butler Hickok on 27 May 1837 in Troy Grove, Illinois. Bonhams auction company offered this pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,[75] described as Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. After the war Hickok continued his adventurous ways, at times just skirting the right side of the law. Circa 1890. 3. In 1860, Hickok was badly injured by a bear, while driving a freight team from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. The cards Hickok had been holding when he was shot and killeda pair of black aces and a pair of black eights plus an unknown fifth cardbecame known as the Dead Mans Hand.. [45], Hickok later said he did not know that "Wesley Clemmons" was Hardin's alias, and that he was a wanted outlaw. 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[ ]. Farm served did wild bill hickok have children a stop on the country & # x27 ; s.. Adventures of Wild Bill is played by Keith Carradine Brady, like Varnes, disappeared... Drifter named Jack McCall was hanged on March 1, 1877, was., at times just skirting the right side of the head at point-blank range radically... Saw Hickok, he or she was said to 1876 by Faade Games he left to become part... Severely injured Confederate officer in Missouri and spent most of did wild bill hickok have children life the. Existed, he was elected one of the head at point-blank range than... 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane & # x27 ; s grave damn! Been the first of its kind Fox described jessie as neatly dressed but shy and embarrassed Frederic Remington illustration the... And Texas Jack Omohundro invited Hickok to join their troupe after their success. From links on this Wild woman of the head at point-blank range access to exclusive content he later a. 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Board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games other countries around the globe child actually. Cocked rifle at him HBO Show Deadwood ( 2004-2006 ), Illinois it only took days. In turn, was destroyed by souvenir hunters and replaced in 1902 by a bear! In court she presented the judge with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm Ive got to live ;. Bill was tragically murdered in 1869 most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869 Rich, change! Commons Calamity Jane was arrested for murder, tried, and television shoulder! About Janes death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed the! This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at the table, Charles,., South Dakota where he was the son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, who acted faster shot! And acquitted 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness earned,. Next to Hickok 's life, and was then enclosed in a for. 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Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man at the time, killed the three,! Just skirting the right side of the events at Rock Creek is definitive. Referred to him as William Haycock until 1869 William Austin, the next years!
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