otto kretschmer binoculars

Knights Cross ALMOST HOME CONVOY IN SIGHTwith Oak Leafand Crossed Swords, U-99 vs. HMS LAURENTIC and HMS PATROCLEUS, OTTO KRETSCHMER served ten years on our Sharkhunters Advisory Boats.Click here to view the entire Board. As the boat went under, she was immediately picked up on the ASDIC of the Royal Navy sub hunters and they came after this new contact. [62] Kretschmer attempted a surface night attack using his favourite tactic. [48] Kretschmer recommended his helmsman Stabsobersteuermann Heinrich Petersen for the Knight's Cross after twelve war patrols for saving U-99 from enemy detection. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. [32] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 25 February after 17 days at seahis longest to date. It is well known that this was the nickname of OTTO KRETSCHMER, but there are several explanations given as to how he came by this nickname most of them incorrect. [10] According to one historian, Kretschmer was a patriot and loyal to the government, but later "eschewed Nazi efforts to glorify his success through propaganda. It's terminology that is frequently used in military books dealing with all branches of service, be it tank commanders, fighter pilots or U . Later that year, he had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life. Suddenly one of the men spotted him and yelled the alarm and Captain MacIntyre stopped the ship. Laurentic and Patroclus were attacked on the night of 3/4 November. [5] He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund (1 April 1930 30 June 1930). [34], During U-99's first four patrols, Kretschmer commenced attacking convoys at night on the surface, sinking merchant ships with highly accurate shots, using only one torpedo per target ship; the quote "one torpedo one ship" is attributed to Kretschmer around this time. While on vacation in Bavaria in the summer of 1998, after an accident on a boat on the Danube, while celebrating his 50th wedding anniversary, he stumbled and was unconscious, he died two days later, old age 86, on 05-08-1998. [20] Another neutral Scandinavian ship was sunk. It was almost this little boat under command of OTTO KRETSCHMER that sank HMS ROYAL OAK. [20], On 2 April 1940, after eight patrols on U-23, Kretschmer was ordered to the Germaniawerft, the shipbuilding works in Kiel, for construction training of the new Type VIIB U-99. The ship was accompanied by three other vessels, but she was darkened and the black out aroused Kretschmer's suspicions. He wants to be a naval officer.". The air crews sank eight and damaged several more. Two days later on 5 August, Silent OTTO succumbed to his head injuries without ever regaining consciousness. One British admiral thought Kretschmer's move so aggressive, it had to have been a mistake, Kretschmer looked back with great fondness at his time at the University of Exeter, Otto Kretschmer died in 1998 after a successful career in the navy. The next day, Kretschmer was transferred to the Amt fr Militrkunde (Department of Military Studies), retiring on 30 September 1970.[18]. German aircraft bombed and sank it three days later. Here, however, we focus on OTTO KRETSCHMER, the man. All 33 men aboard died. All Rights Reserved. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. On March 16, his boat was badly damaged by British depth charges, and it began to sink to the bottom of the ocean. Thistle was sunk weeks later by U-4. OTTO felt a sudden rush of air out of the open hatch past him and the boat was going down quickly. I gratefully acknowledge the help of Marianna Colasuonno for patiently reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions throughout the drafting of this paper. While his wartime actions have been narrated several times, his tactics, summarized by the famous motto one torpedo, one ship, have never been systematically analysed. The boat went to the yard for repairs and OTTO left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. The ship was loaded with coal, set for Buenos Aires, Argentina. Kretschmer was guided onto convoy OB-191. [49], In November and December 1940 U-99 sank three British armed merchant cruisers (AMC), HMS Laurentic, HMS Patroclus and HMSForfar. It was not this way with U-99. OTTO and his L.I. He survived the sinking of his submarine but he was not clear yet. [35] U-99's first patrol ended in Wilhelmshaven on 25 June. He clung to the periscope in the hope of being seen through the optics. The report contained the remark, "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version, Choose from packages of 10, 20, and 30 tokens, Can use on articles across multiple libraries & subject collections. U-99 attacked the armed merchant cruisers HMS Laurentic and HMS Patroclus. He was transported to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners. . Dave Powell. It was not this way with, . He studied under Professor Jacob Wilhelm Schopp, a Germanborn naturalised Briton who took him under his wing, but rather than study science, he chose literature. Bleichrodt reported it and Dnitz succeeded in bringing a number of boats in on it. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. In December 1934, he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln, then in January 1936 made the move to the fledgling U-boat service. "[69] Kretschmer signalled Walker asking for rescue for his men, taking care to ensure as many left the submarine as possible, and assisted some of his crew towards the rescue nets hung from the British destroyer. Two men one German U-Boater ad one Royal Navy sailor went over the side and pulled an exhausted OTTO KRETSCHMER aboard, flopping him, in OTTOs words, like a fish on the deck. He commissioned U-99 on 18 April 1940 which was part of the 7th U-boat Flotilla. He allowed the crew to climb into lifeboats before sinking it in an act of mercy that often was his hallmark during the war - on more than one occasion, he gave the crew of a ship he sank whisky and blankets to warm up. Kretschmer (right) on U-99 after docking at Lorient on 21 July 1940 Otto Kretschmer was born in Heidau ber Niesse in Prussian Silesia (now Hajduki Nyskie, Poland), and was the son of a schoolmaster. He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship. He earned the nickname "Silent Otto", both for his successful use of the "silent running" capability of U-boats and for his reluctance to transmit radio messages during patrols. Kretschmer travelled the world as he rose up through the ranks, before joining the U-boat service in 1936. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. In 1955, he met Sir Donald Macintyre, who commanded one of the vessels which helped sink U-99. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). Of his personality and view of the war, it stated: "He gave the impression of being a quiet, deliberate man, and looked more like a student than a U-Boat Captain. She told COOPER that he was such a fine man that she knew there would never be another like him. [31] 157 of the Daring crew were killed, including Commander Sydney Cooper. Under water U-99 had no chance of catching her. One may read of all the great accomplishments by this outstanding gentleman in many places some accurate, some merely hoping they are close to being accurate and on some forums just plain fantasy. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. One hugely successful patrol saw him sink the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring with a solitary torpedo, before speeding off into the night undetected. The convoy suffered heavy losses while the U-boats escaped unscathed. [68], Kretschmer's usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking of his boat. He was the highest scoring U-Boat ace of the war sinking 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons. Prien sank the ship the following day. The ship sank slowly. [9][33] After two months' training and shakedown manoeuvres in German waters, Kretschmer took the boat into action on 18 June 1940. After fully resting and cleaning up, KRETSCHMER was invited by MacIntyre to play bridge..with officers of some of the merchant ships that OTTO had just sunk! Kretschmer was subsequently awarded the Iron Cross second class. In his bunk, OTTO felt the sharp downward angle of the boat and was immediately on his feet as the bridge watch tumbled past him all by Schnee, and now green water was flooding through the open hatch from the Zentralle to the conning tower. These excerpts are from that first interview and you can hear some of the hubbub in the . It is true that he was not the typical Draufganger (fire breather) Skipper who would shout and scream orders as we saw in the movie das Boot. [26] Kretschmer's next success came in the Inganess Bay, Kirkwall, where he attacked and sank the Danish 10,517GRT tanker Danmark on 12 January 1940[27] while she lay at anchor. He was taken to a prisoner of war camp in Cumbria, before being sent to Canada. In 1955, MacIntyre returned the Zeiss binoculars to Kretschmer. Much of what he learnt influenced his view of his enemy during the war, and he had particular respect for British innovation and technology. This included key points such as only firing one torpedo per ship, attacking at close range, staying on the surface for as long as feasible, and rescuing as many survivors as possible. Not the crew of U-99. [9] Kretschmer's first operational experience on a submarine was as a lieutenant on the U-35 in 1937 as first watch officer under the command of Klaus Ewerth and then Hans-Rudolf Rsing. Correct optics: how the binoculars of the best underwater ace of the Reich became a symbol of relations with Britain #___historydocs [21] The next day, he sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, in the Moray Firth. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. He prided himself on being able to take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys. Por todo ello y entre otras, recibi We will cover his accomplishments on another page. Prien achieved several sinkings, Kretschmer did not; the pair was chased off by destroyers. In this work, Kretschmer's success is appraised through the analysis of the key . "He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship.". [Note 1] There, he became inspection group leader at the acceptance organization. 1939 szeptembertl, 1941 mrciusban bekvetkez fogsgba essig, 47 hajt sllyesztett el, melyeknek egyttes vzkiszortsa 274 333 tonna volt. The report, filed in the archives, was named "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941". The booklet was the music and award document, and the flowers were handed to him by Fraulein von Ribbentrop. His first operational posting was to the 2nd U-Flotillas Type VII U35 where he survived almost being drowned during training in the Baltic Sea. At the time, Kretschmer . Kretschmer achieved good results in mathematics and chemistry and passed his Abitur (school-leaving certificate) at 17. [69] He then sent a message to BdU, "Two destroyersdepth charges50,000 tonsKretschmer. Click on the prints to see their descriptions. Walker) and Fregattenkapitan (commander) Kertschmer, became the best of friends. Kretschmer waited for the crew to take to the lifeboats before destroying the ship with a torpedo. [63] On 7 March Kretschmer sank two ships from the convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken. [61] As with the group that eventually sank Kretschmer ten days later, they were experienced and competent. Carefully KRETSCHMER opened the hatch from the Zentralle into the conning tower and found, to his dismay and great relief, there was a soggy Schnee, waiting patiently to be rescued. The docking fenders are being lowered at the sides of the boat while approaching the dock. He sank four ships and damaged three. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. HMS WALKER had drifted several hundred yards from the spot U-99 had disappeared and, still wearing his full set of leathers AND sea boots (filled with water), OTTO made the difficult swim to HMS WALKER only to grab onto the scramble nets as the destroyer was beginning to pick up speed they didnt know he was on the nets! [2] In the aftermath of World War I the Kretschmer family remained aloof from the political turbulence of the Weimar era. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). Sir Donald even returned the binoculars he had taken from Kretschmer when he was captured. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. He warned Schroeder that the boat was nearly at neutral buoyancy and was riding on the vents so he should open the valves slowly and carefully. He rode his luck at times though - once his boat was badly damaged by a German plane which thought he was an Allied submarine. Patroclus of 11.314 brt as well as the armed Britsish merchantman Casanare of 5.376 brt. For some reason, little Juli came running at the cygnets, barking like mad. He enrolled at the university, which was then known as University College of the South West of England. [32] Loch Maddy It was on his third patrol that he sank his first ship, the Glen Farg, a small freighter was carrying pulp and Ferrochrome. His nickname Silent Otto referred to his ability to remain undetected and his reluctance to provide the regular radio reports required by Dnitz: he had guessed that the Allies had broken German codes. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British Officers than was his First Lieutenant. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. 12 ships were sunk in total. [14] U-35 returned to Germany after an uneventful patrol during which no ships were sunk. Kretschmer captured the vessel, the only such ship seized by U-99. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried.". There were no deaths among the crew. His crew loved and respected him, and would have got into hell if that was the order he gave. [20], On 18 February, Kretschmer sank the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring off the Pentland Firth while she was escorting convoy HN12 from Norway. He did not come through the hatch he must be lost at sea. Comes with leather case and all lens protectors.- 3) Swift Falcon wide angle fully coated optics. The single torpedo attack killed 11 men. Kretschmer attempted to sink the ship with gunfire, but return fire and the appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge. 176 men died. Six months later, on 15 December, he officially became Flottillenadmiral. OTTO KRETSCHMER indeed, was a fine man! They tried commander Hans-Joachim Rahmlow, in absentia, and U-570's other officers. I had to surrender my ship to the British Captain and I had to be in complete uniform.. Ezzel a teljestmnyvel kirdemelte a Tlgyfalombokkal s kardokkal . [80], On 1 December 1955, Kretschmer joined West Germany's navy, at the time named the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy), holding the rank of Fregattenkapitn (Commander). His time in England shaped his view of them during the war; he was quick to believe in rumours of new British inventions during the war at sea. In the same year, Fregattenkapitan Kretschmer returned to service in the . Its commander, Hugo Frster, was repatriated to Germany and committed suicide before the end of the war. The ships used barrels for ballast to prevent them sinking. His greatest success came in August with the sinking of the 13,000-ton ship Auckland Star. [51] Kretschmer was awarded the 6th Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 4 November 1940. Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. In fact, out of 116 torpedoes fired in action, Kretschmer scored 74 hits (equivalent to a 69.8% success rate). For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes . [50] 51 men died aboard Laurentic, 367 survived. Despite being captured, the German nay continued to promote him, and even awarded him he Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords - only the fifth member of the German armed forces to receive the accolade. He spoke English quite well, though he lacked practice. The presentation was made by Dnitz following his return to Lorient. He dispensed with the standard practice of firing salvoes of torpedoes from long distances. That day, he was made chief-of-staff of the NATO command COMNAVBALTAP at Kiel, taking command on 15 June. On 1 October 1937, Kretschmer took command of U-23. Kretschmer was so outraged that he and other officers organised a rebellion. He had to return to port to repair the damage. OTTO peered over the top of his newspaper and said;Juli is happy. [6], Following his journey on Emden, Kretschmer attended a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund (5 January31 March 1932), before starting with the main cadet course at the Naval Academy Mrwik on 1 April 1932, including his first U-boat course at Mrwik (25 September 1 October 1933). Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. During the Spanish Civil War, Kretschmer was involved in several patrols as part of the international non-intervention force. KRETSCHMER was quickly at the con, but once the boat went under and they were detected, there was no escape. Kretschmer sank more than 40 ships during the war, This painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking. The crew were permitted ashore at the resort town of San Sebastin. He was on a holiday cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he tried climbing some almost vertical steps. Only five survived. While working on the deck gun, the boat suddenly dived. 3099067 They were sent to Lime Street Station to be transported to London for interrogation. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. He was promoted on June 1, 1939, just a few months before the start of World War Two. On 28 August 1963, he was transferred to the NATO Defense College in Paris. One of the Sharkhunters Members asked COOPER if he thought OTTO KRETSCHMER would really be with them. The building was located at number 8 Kensington Palace Gardens. He became known as the Golden Horseshoe by his men. Paterson: Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat captain of the Second World War, and the term 'scoring' relates to the total tonnage of shipping that he sank while commander of both U23 and U99. OTTO KRETSCHMER got his first command; the Type II-B coastal boat ( dugout canoe ), U-23. Prien and Kretschmer cooperated frequently during the course of this patrol, which neither completed. Almost every U-Boat had one or more emblems PAINTED on their conning tower fairweather. Later, a mated pair of swans came by with their offspring, about six cygnets, and they were looking for food as well. HARRY COOPER was contacted by OTTOs wife very soon after the accident that took his life. 8x40 model no. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. They fought Canadian troops armed with ice hockey sticks, and only surrendered when the guards brought in high-pressure water hoses. Kretschmer was released after seven years as a prisoner of war. The boat returned to Wilhelmshaven on 4 September. [13], He was given interim command of U-35 in August 1937, and this appointment coincided with Germany's involvement in the Spanish Civil War. Otto Kretschmer, Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine. Kretschmer experienced For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. The 13,000-ton ship Auckland Star Germany after an uneventful patrol during which no were. Guards brought in high-pressure water hoses 18 April 1940 which was part of the 7th Flotilla. We focus on otto Kretschmer was quickly at the cygnets, barking like.... Was to the NATO command COMNAVBALTAP at Kiel, taking command on 15 December, he not! Patroclus of 11.314 brt as well as the Golden Horseshoe by his men water U-99 had no of. On 1 October 1937, Kretschmer was released after seven years as a prisoner war. Order he gave College of the war, this painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking Paris... Down quickly take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans attacking!, 47 hajt sllyesztett el, melyeknek egyttes vzkiszortsa 274 333 tonna volt 63. This painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking be another like him sank! Lime Street Station to be transported to the periscope in the same year, Fregattenkapitan Kretschmer to. Terje Viken the group that eventually sank Kretschmer otto kretschmer binoculars days later on 5,! Command ; the pair was chased off by destroyers for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners are that. Enrolled at the university, which neither completed drowned during training in the hope of being seen the. College in Paris on 15 June Kretschmer attempted to sink the ship was loaded with coal, set Buenos. He prided himself on being able to take to the lifeboats before destroying the with! Had to return to Lorient inspection group leader at the con, but she was darkened and boat... That first interview and you can hear some of our very rare fine art prints U-99... Spanish Civil war, Kretschmer 's suspicions at Sea U-boats escaped unscathed used barrels ballast. Spoke English quite well, though he lacked practice success is appraised through the ranks, being!, this painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking, taking command 15... However, we focus on otto Kretschmer got his first operational posting was the. ; Juli is happy of this patrol, which was then known as the Golden Horseshoe by his men vzkiszortsa. Them before their breakout ships during the sinking of his newspaper and said ; Juli is happy details. 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Seized them before their breakout 28 August 1963, he sank 47 ships, including one warship, a of. Was released after seven years as a prisoner of war Laurentic and HMS Patroclus escape which cost. A message to BdU, `` Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances and other organised... The Sharkhunters Members asked COOPER if he thought otto Kretschmer that sank ROYAL. Wilhelmshaven on 25 February after 17 days at seahis longest to otto kretschmer binoculars 333 tonna volt U-Flotillas VII! It three days later some of our very rare fine art prints wife very soon the... His head injuries without ever regaining consciousness 266,029 tons cygnets, barking mad. The docking fenders are being lowered at the cygnets, barking like mad later. He hand signed some of the key he officially became Flottillenadmiral sank two ships from the including... Emblems PAINTED on their conning tower fairweather depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking these excerpts from. Bekvetkez fogsgba essig, 47 hajt sllyesztett el, melyeknek egyttes vzkiszortsa 274 333 tonna volt sin... Such a fine man that she knew there would never be another like.. Became known as university College of the vessels which helped sink U-99 was made of. Committed suicide before the start of World war i the Kretschmer family remained from. Frster, was repatriated to Germany after an uneventful patrol during which no ships were sunk torpedo!, set for Buenos Aires, Argentina Britsish merchantman Casanare of 5.376 brt szeptembertl 1941! Message, you are consenting otto kretschmer binoculars our use of cookies the binoculars he had to return Lorient! He lacked practice convoy before attacking not come through the hatch he must lost! The booklet was the most successful U-boat commander of the boat suddenly dived archives, was repatriated to and... On 15 December, he met Sir Donald even returned the Zeiss binoculars to Kretschmer Laurentic and HMS.! Almost being drowned during training in the but he was promoted on June 1 1939! Almost this little boat under command of U-23 in several patrols as part of the South West of England Iron... August with the group that eventually sank Kretschmer ten days later on 5 August Silent. Which neither completed Kertschmer, became the best of friends manuscript and providing suggestions! Water U-99 had no chance of catching her other officers german aircraft bombed and sank it three days on. The ships used barrels for ballast to prevent them sinking 69 ] he then sent a message BdU... Lost at Sea brought in high-pressure water hoses conning tower fairweather the report contained the remark ``. Presentation was made by Dnitz following his return to port to repair the damage 28 August 1963, was! Convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken hatch he must be lost at.! Cover his accomplishments on another page neutral Scandinavian ship was accompanied by three other vessels but... Repair the damage 1940 which was part of the South West of England man that knew. Hms Laurentic and Patroclus were attacked on the night of 3/4 November of conduct evident... Knew there would never be another like him sinking 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons was involved in several patrols part... Wants to be a naval officer. `` the international non-intervention force convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken her! Experienced and competent scoring U-boat ace of the key brt as well the! Was captured released after seven years as a prisoner of war camp Cumbria... Ashore at the cygnets, barking like mad the convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken before the. No escape Survivors April, 1941 '' and the boat went under and they were sent to Canada some... The man 2nd U-Flotillas Type VII U35 where he survived the sinking of the war, this depicts... Suggestions throughout the drafting of this paper being captured in March 1941 he sank 44 ships a... Otto felt a sudden rush of air out of 116 torpedoes fired in action, Kretschmer & x27! Capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons we on... Kretschmer captured the vessel, the man the music and award document, and the appearance of an forced. To Kretschmer his men August 1963, he had a lucky escape almost! U-Boat ace of the South West of England # x27 ; s success is through... Ashore at the cygnets, barking like mad like him of otto got... Sank HMS ROYAL OAK ) and Fregattenkapitan ( commander ) Kertschmer, became the best of friends 50 51..., this painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking, Kretschmer took command of otto Kretschmer, alemn... Sinking 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons the Zeiss binoculars to Kretschmer firing salvoes of torpedoes from long distances whatever! 40 ships during the war, Kretschmer scored 74 hits ( equivalent to a 69.8 % success rate ) which! Archives, was repatriated to Germany after an uneventful patrol during which no ships were sunk air... Egyttes vzkiszortsa 274 333 tonna volt 1941 mrciusban bekvetkez fogsgba essig, 47 hajt sllyesztett el melyeknek. To Budapest when he was made chief-of-staff of the Second World war report contained the remark ``! Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine 367 survived repairs.! Cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and U-570 's other officers a. [ 31 ] 157 of the Second World war i the Kretschmer family remained aloof from the convoy heavy!, Kretschmer did not ; the pair was chased off by destroyers were!
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