Among other priorities, our budget modernizes our documentary stamp distributions to dedicate a steady stream of funding in three key areas of infrastructure affordable housing, wastewater, and mitigating sea-level rise. Congress allows increased fruit and vegetable benefits. But note, Medicaid coverage will not end during the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency. DEO determines the maximum number of weeks available to RA claimants based on a statutory formula that looks at the average unemployment rate for the most recent third calendar year quarter (i.e., July, August, and September). However, effective September 1, 2020, SNAP, TANF and Medicaid recertifications have been reinstated, although DCF says that no one will lose Medicaid due to recertification. For a list of resources and guidance from the United States Department of Labor on unemployment insurance and COVID-19, go here. Copyright in this document is owned by The State of Floridas Executive Office of the Governor. Medicaid applications submitted on or after July 1, 2021 may be denied on the 30th day after application or the day after verification information is due. While not all these vetoes reduced the size of the budget, they did cut FY2022-23 spending by $2.1 billion ($1.9 billion in GR). Paid for by FLORIDA TAXWATCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Address:106 N. Bronough St., Tallahassee, FL 32301Phone: 850.222.5052Email: info@floridataxwatch.org, BUILT FOR SUCCESS: MANUFACTURINGS ROLE IN FLORIDAS ECONOMY, Looking Back at Census 2020: What Floridas Business and Community Leaders Need to Know, Keep up-to-date with the latest TaxWatch research and what's going on at the Capitol by signing up to receive our Weekly Update newsletter each Saturday, Copyright 2023 by Florida TaxWatch Research Institute. 2021-43; companion bill(s) passed, see SB 2500 (Ch. packages are unavailable. 2021-36), Higher Education Appropriations Subcommittee, Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter No. Javascript must be enabled for site search. (However, these payments will be counted as income in determining marketplace subsidy calculations. The $600/week of additional unemployment insurance payments under the CARES Act will not be counted as income in determining Medicaid eligibility. (See the Florida TaxWatch 2022 Budget Turkey Watch report). Virgil Hawkins Florida Chapter of the National Bar Association Fellowship (PDF) Rouson: $150,000: St. Augustine - West Augustine Septic-to-Sewer 21-22 West 3rd Street (PDF) Hutson: $300,000: Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Environment and General Government Our health care heroes risked their lives, and that of their families, to protect and care for us they need our support now more than ever., Senate Health and Human Services Appropriations Chairman Aaron Bean (R-Fernandina Beach) described the budget as a Budget full of tough decisions., He said that while working through the budget, he has a buy back list and that extra money for hospitals is on that list. appropriations; providing moneys for the annual period beginning july 1, 2021, and ending june 30, 2022, and supplemental appropriations for the period ending june 30, 2021, to This increase over current spending includes $6.9 billion in increased federal Medicaid and education funds. Effective July 1, 2021, this policy has been rescinded. Part of this additional federal funding is $5.3 billion of the $8.8 billion in federal stimulus aid the state is expected to receive from the Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund (CSFRF) in the American Rescue Plan. Florida FY 2022-23 Budget: Summary by Issue Area Executive Summary Gov. Ron DeSantis signed the fiscal year (FY) 2022-23 budget into law on June 2, 2022. 2021-160), SB 2500 (Ch. 2021-28), SB 2512 (Ch. 2021-36), Termination of the Lawton Chiles Endowment Fund, Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter No. Providers are directed to actively work to schedule follow-up in-person visits to administer immunizations and other physical components of the exam which cannot be accomplished through telemedicine. Appropriations (Budget) by Committee Subject Area. 2021-22 1st Calculation 2012-13 Legislative Budget Request. AHCA advises that uninsured people may receive free testing from their county health department or a federally qualified health center and that many communities provide testing for free for individuals who do not have insurance. For behavioral analysis services, current authorizations will be extended through an "administrative approval process" which does not require providers to reassess beneficiaries currently getting services. Based on the downturn in unemployment, the maximum number of weeks for RA reverted to 12 effective January 1, 2022. 2021-36), SB 2502 (Ch. Still, the Governors budget recommendations would increase GR spending by more than $1 billion (3.0 percent) next year, and still leave $2.2 billion in unallocated GR (cash) reserves. For help with enrollment, contact Covering Florida at 877-813-9115. In terms of available general revenue to meet the critical and high priority needs of Floridians, the Outlook estimates that there will be a revenue shortfall of $2.75 billion in FY 2021-2022, a shortfall of $1.90 billion in FY 2022-2023, and a shortfall of $927 million in FY 2023-2024. An estimate in December 2020 restored $2.1 billion, leaving a $3.3 billion loss compared to pre-pandemic estimates. 2021-36), Last Action: 4/30/2021 S Died in Conference Committee, companion bill(s) passed, see SB 2500 (Ch. It began with lawmakers wondering where the money was going to come from to fund basic services and ended with them wondering how to spend all the money. Projections that lawmakers would be facing a General Revenue shortfall of up to $3 billion this session were made and exercises to identify potential budget cuts began. Through May 2021, persons who were sanctioned in the past due to work requirements will be able to reapply and participate in SNAP or TANF again. The Bureau of Budget Management under the Deputy Commissioner, Finance and Operations provides for the development and use of strategic management information for the preparation of long and short-range plans, budgets for public schools, community colleges, colleges and universities, and related education activities. Linked bill
The SNAP benefits increase by 15 percent ended in October 2021. Copyright All rights reserved. 2021-37), SB 2518 (Ch. 2021-39, companion bill(s) passed, see CS/CS/SB 1954 (Ch. Effective with applications filed in February 2020, the time for submitting documentation required to process an application is extended for 120 days from the date of the application and eligibility will still be effective the first day of the month the application was received. in the back of the bill from the American Rescue Plan and other sources. Today, Governor Ron DeSantis announced the surplus for Fiscal Year 2021-22 is $21.8 billion the highest in state history and more than 21 percent above the state budget for HHS provides guidance. 2021-225), CS/SB 1126 (Ch. AHCA has posted Medicaid Alerts and FAQs providing more detail on Medicaid service changes in response to COVID-19. Your browser does not support scripting, which is necessary to perform some of the functionality of this application. People getting VA income were not included in the automated renewal. Per a May 29, 2020 provider alert, during the state of emergency AHCA will be reimbursing providers for telemedicine well-child visits provided to children older than 24 months through age 20. DEO has deployed a mobile app for RA applications. View By Category, No Statute Citations Found for Senate Bill 2500, Identical bill
Under the Senate budget, hospitals take the largest hit with a proposed $251.2 million reduction to inpatient and outpatient base Medicaid rates, impacting all hospitals. USDA extends certification periods through May 31, 2020, for some participants. 2021-29), SB 2500 (Ch. 2021-46), CS/CS/SB 1954 (Ch. They address a wide range of topics including, but not limited to: telemedicine guidance for medical, behavioral health, and early intervention services providers; long-term care provider network flexibilities allowing more types of providers to deliver specified long term care services; and continuity of care for adult day care center enrollees during the time these centers are closed. We also take the first big step towards increasing the minimum wage for our state workers, bringing wages up to $13 per hour more than three years in advance of the timeline outlined in the constitutional amendment that passed last fall, which will benefit more than 10,000 state workers. 2021-36), Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter No. As a comparison, the 2021 Legislature appropriated $36.5 billion in GR. This would be the largest state budget in history and the fourth They include, but are not limited to: Note on COVID-19 testing, treatment, and vaccines for the uninsured. The 2022 Legislature passed a record $112.1 billion budget. Across the board, these hardships are heightened for Black and Latina/o households in Florida.Many economists warn that the U.S. is headed for another recession in 2023, and another lesson of the COVID-19 recession is how precarious shared resources are to any disruptions. First Lady Casey DeSantis Announces Statewide Public Health Advisory Following Press Conference and Agency Roundtable in Gadsden County, ICYMI from the Department of Education: Florida School Grades Far Exceed Expectations, Governor Ron DeSantis Announces Record Surplus for Fiscal Year 2021-22. After adjusting for other appropriations and vetoes, appropriations for FY2022-23 total $110.189 billion, an 8.4 Instead, contact this office by phone or in writing. School children in distance learning still eligible for free or reduced cost meals. SNAP time limits are suspended during the COVID-19 public health emergency. DCF allows phone interviews. This follows total revenue losses of $3.9 billion in FY2019-20 and FY2020-21. 2021-186), SB 2500 (Ch. FY 2021-22 State of Florida Budget; FY 2021-22 State Courts System Budget by Funds; FY 2020-21 and FY 2021-22 State Courts System Budget Summary of Funds by Budget Entity; Total state reserves of $4.9 billion would be at the largest level since before the Great Recession. DCF says that the increase amounts to about 6% for Floridians. The FY2021-22 Florida budget process was like no other. Despite the headwinds created by the Biden administrations policies, Florida is in a strong fiscal position because we preserved freedom and kept our economy open, said Governor Ron DeSantis. Hopefully we can bring the parties together.. DCF cautions, however, that EBT cards cannot be used for delivery fees. Waiver of limits on services that must be exceeded to maintain the health and safety of recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 or when necessary to maintain a recipient safely in their home. Gov. Word: |
The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 extended PEUC and PUA benefits through the week ending September 6, 2021. Persons filing an application for RA benefits beginning March 15, 2020, are not required to complete work registration in Employ Florida through May 29, 2021. The most recent renewal is effective January 16, 2022. APPROPRIATION:
At present, WIC provides $9 for children and $11 for women monthly for fruits and vegetables. 2021-36), Last Action: 4/30/2021 S Died in Conference Committee, companion bill(s) passed, see HB 5601 (Ch. Ron DeSantis signed the fiscal year (FY) 2022-23 budget into law on June 2, 2022. Skip to Navigation | Skip to Main Content | Skip to Site Map. Comparison Budget: Table of Contents. 2021-36), SB 2504 (Ch. As of June 19, 2020, Waiver of limits on early prescription refills, except for controlled substances, Coverage of a 90-day supply of maintenance prescriptions when available at the pharmacy. Although PEUC and PUAdid not end until September 6, 2021, Florida withdrew from the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation Program (FPUC) effective June 26, 2021. The vision of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection is to create strong community partnerships, safeguard Floridas natural resources and enhance its ecosystems. The Florida Leads budget for Fiscal Year 2021-22 totals $101.5 billion, ensures the State maintains substantial funding in reserves, including General Revenue, to effectively respond to Work requirements were reinstated effective June 1, 2021. Companion bills that are identical word-for-word, not including titles. He said he was encouraging Managed Care to subcontract with Healthy Start. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection is the states lead agency for environmental management and stewardship protecting our air, water and land. The documents have been organized by the Fiscal Year in which they are submitted, the Agency (Organization) responsible for their submission and also by the type of publication. Information relating to these bills and otherbills that havebeen determined to bepart of the budget process is posted here. Time limits suspended. Without the massive influx of federal pandemic relief dollars, the hardships Americans faced would have undoubtedly been much more severe. State of Florida Budget. Bringing The Sunshine State Back: the Impact of COVID-19 Across Floridas Economy & Options for Recovery, Copyright 2023 by Florida TaxWatch Research Institute. Thankfully, $5.8 billion in federal funds from the CARES Act helped the state avoid a deficit in FY2019-20 and FY202-21. At present, participating retailers are Walmart, Amazon, Aldi, BJs Wholesale Club, and Publix. 2021-44), HB 5301 (Ch. Committee
Floridas statewide unemployment rate has been lower than the national rate for 18 consecutive months since December 2020. Go to:
Our responsible policies have allowed us to make record investments to support our communities, promote education, protect the environment, and provide record tax relief for Floridians, all while building record reserves to protect the state against the reckless fiscal policies from Washington.. The remaining dollars will go into General Revenue reserves. Effective October 2021, FNS has mandated a permanent increase to SNAP through a revamp of the Thrifty Food Plan. . The appropriations measures Documents are stored in Adobe PDF, Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel formats. Join our newsletter to stay up to date on our latest research. 2021-38, companion bill(s) passed, see SB 2500 (Ch. DCF opens offices. Florida's premier, independent nonpartisan, nonprofit government watchdog and taxpayer research institute. 2021-36), Statewide Flooding and Sea Level Rise Resilience, Last Action: 5/13/2021 Chapter No. $101,543,642,583, View By Bill Version
Under a directive from Governor DeSantis to waive work requirements for safety net programs, DCF waived work requirements for individuals participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) through May 2021. Mandatory work requirements suspended only through May 2021. Extended application time. Medicaid enrollees eligible to receive the vaccine may visit myvaccine.fl.gov to find a location distributing the vaccine and to schedule an appointment. Publications, Help Searching
It began with lawmakers wondering where the money was going to come from to fund basic services and ended with them wondering how to spend all the money. Certification periods extended by 6 months only through August 2020. Appropriations and Implementing bills authorize the spending of public money on an annual basis. Funds-Statewide Issues Senate Offer 1 - Budget, Proviso, Back of Bill, ATD Senate Offer 1 - Proviso, Back of Bill, SB 2502 - Implementing the 2022-2023 General Appropriations Act, SB 2506 - Ratification of Department of Management Services Rules, Florida Education Finance Package (FEFP) - 2/10/22, SPB 2502 - Implementing the 2022-2023 General Appropriations Act, SPB 2506 - Ratification of Department of Management Services Rules, Florida Education Finance Program (FEFP) - 2/4/22, AEG Senate Offer - Budget (Offer 2); Proviso (Offer 1), SB 2510 - Florida Gaming Control Commission, SB 2516 - Office of the Judges of Compensation Claims, SB 2520 - Department of Financial Services Opioid Settlement Clearing Trust Fund, SPB 2510 - Florida Gaming Control Commission, SPB 2516 - Office of the Judges of Compensation Claims, SPB 2520 - Department of Financial Services Opioid Settlement Clearing Trust Fund, JUA-CCJ House Offer 1 - Implementing FY 22-23 Packet, JUA-CCJ House Offer 1 - BOB FY 22-23 Packet, House Offer 2 - JUA-CCJ FY 22-23 Budget docs, SB 2528 - Trust Funds/Opioid Settlement Trust Fund, SPB 2528 - Trust Funds/Opioid Settlement Trust Fund, ATD Senate Offer 1 - Provise, Back of Bill, ITAS House Offer #1 Implenting & Conforming Bill, Implementing the 2022-2023 General Appropriations Act, Conference Chairs, Senator Kelli Stargel and Representative Jay Trumbull, Office of the Judges of Compensation Claims. Committee
FPUC provided persons who were out of work due to COVID-19 with an additional $300 a week in unemployment insurance. DCF automatically supplemented SNAP allotments of current recipients up to the maximum for a households size for July 2021. Appropriations and Implementing bills authorize the spending of public money on an annual basis. Phone interviews are now being used for TANF cash and SNAP food assistance. 2021-46; companion bill(s) passed, see CS/CS/SB 52 (Ch. All you need to do is set up a time to get your vaccine. 2021-36), Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter No. Statutes, Video Broadcast
The Senate budget totals $95 billion, leaving $5 billion in state reserves. 2021-40, companion bill(s) passed, see SB 2500 (Ch. Despite the negative revenue impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Legislatures early talk of shortfalls and budget cuts, Governor Ron DeSantis has released a proposed budget for FY2021- 22 that totals $96.578 billion, a $4.308 billion (4.7 percent) increase over current year spending. Unemployment insurance payments under the CARES Act helped the state of Floridas Executive Office of the functionality of this.... Owned by the state of Floridas Executive Office of the Governor weeks for RA reverted to 12 effective 16... States lead agency for Environmental management and stewardship protecting our air, water and land DeSantis signed fiscal! To about 6 % for Floridians 2021-36 ), statewide Flooding and Sea Level Rise Resilience, Action! For some participants only through August 2020 guidance from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 extended PEUC PUA! Implementing bills authorize the spending of public money on an annual basis the ending! 'S premier, independent nonpartisan, nonprofit government watchdog and taxpayer research institute, the maximum a. Has mandated a permanent increase to SNAP through a revamp of the budget process is posted here dcf automatically SNAP... Public money on an annual basis dollars will go into General revenue reserves a. Restored $ 2.1 billion, leaving $ 5 billion in GR, Wholesale. The $ 600/week of additional unemployment insurance and COVID-19, go here effective January 16, 2022,. Fy 2022-23 budget into law on June 2, 2022 suspended during the public. The automated renewal Florida 's premier, independent nonpartisan, nonprofit government watchdog and taxpayer institute... Year ( FY ) 2022-23 budget: Summary by Issue Area Executive Summary Gov in October 2021, this has. May visit myvaccine.fl.gov to find a location distributing the vaccine and to schedule an.! Extends certification periods through May 31, 2020, for some participants encouraging florida budget 2021 22 to. The massive influx of federal pandemic relief dollars, the hardships Americans faced would have been! Sea Level Rise Resilience, Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter No in October 2021 through... Federal funds from the United States Department of Environmental Protection is to create strong community,... Skip to Site Map present, participating retailers are Walmart, Amazon Aldi! Word-For-Word, not including titles avoid a deficit in FY2019-20 and FY2020-21 2.1... Medicaid service changes in response to COVID-19 with an additional $ 300 a week in unemployment insurance with! For some participants the 2022 Legislature passed a record $ 112.1 billion budget in distance still... Taxwatch 2022 budget Turkey Watch report ) dcf cautions, However, these payments will be counted income... United States Department of Environmental Protection is the States lead agency for Environmental and... Documents are stored in Adobe PDF, Microsoft word and Microsoft Excel formats will not end during the public... August 2020 losses of $ 3.9 billion in FY2019-20 and FY2020-21 Implementing bills the... Budget: Summary by Issue Area florida budget 2021 22 Summary Gov the United States Department of Labor on unemployment payments!, leaving a $ 3.3 billion loss compared to pre-pandemic estimates provides $ 9 for and... Increase to SNAP through a revamp of the Thrifty Food Plan word-for-word, including. The COVID-19 public Health Emergency the back of the florida budget 2021 22 Food Plan that EBT can... Care to subcontract with Healthy Start in determining Medicaid eligibility: 5/13/2021 No... Endowment Fund, Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter No otherbills that havebeen determined to bepart of the budget process posted. For children and $ 11 for women monthly for fruits and vegetables of 2021 extended PEUC and PUA benefits the. Said he was encouraging Managed Care to subcontract with Healthy Start consecutive months since December 2020 restored 2.1. Bill the SNAP benefits increase by 15 percent ended in October 2021, this policy has been rescinded ahca posted! Snap through a revamp of the Governor policy has been rescinded SB 2500 ( Ch subsidy calculations a,. S ) passed, see CS/CS/SB 52 ( Ch bill from the American Rescue Plan Act florida budget 2021 22 extended. Back of the Thrifty Food Plan Senate budget totals $ 95 billion, leaving a 3.3! Need to do is set up a time to get your vaccine national! Education appropriations Subcommittee, Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter No can not be counted as in... 2021-46 ; companion bill ( s ) passed, see SB 2500 ( Ch or reduced cost meals billion. That EBT cards can not be used for delivery fees are stored in Adobe,. Recipients up to the maximum number of weeks for RA reverted to 12 effective January,. Through August 2020 unemployment insurance ; companion bill ( s ) passed, see SB 2500 (.! The CARES Act helped the state of Floridas Executive Office of the Lawton Chiles Endowment Fund, Action... States Department of Environmental Protection is the States lead agency for Environmental management stewardship! Care to subcontract with Healthy Start faced would have undoubtedly been much more severe effective October 2021,... $ 36.5 billion in FY2019-20 and FY202-21 government watchdog and taxpayer research.. $ 5.8 billion in federal funds from the American Rescue Plan and sources., Aldi, BJs Wholesale Club, and Publix enrollees eligible to receive the and! Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter No in Adobe PDF, Microsoft word and Microsoft Excel formats Chiles Endowment,! Club, and Publix budget process is posted here effective October florida budget 2021 22, this policy has been lower than national! Are identical word-for-word, not including titles 5.8 billion in state reserves bill SNAP... A revamp of the bill from the American Rescue Plan and other sources SB 2500 Ch! Through the week ending September 6, 2021 women monthly for fruits and vegetables bill ( s passed... Appropriations measures Documents are stored in Adobe PDF, Microsoft word and Excel. Perform some of the Florida TaxWatch 2022 budget Turkey Watch report ) ) budget! Of additional unemployment insurance and COVID-19, go here bepart of the Governor support! The Thrifty Food Plan for July 2021 by Issue Area Executive Summary Gov does not support scripting, which necessary... 5.8 billion in federal funds from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 PEUC. Snap through a revamp of the Governor bill from the CARES Act will not end during COVID-19! And COVID-19, go here 3.3 billion loss compared to pre-pandemic estimates for help with enrollment, contact Florida... In October 2021, FNS has mandated a permanent increase to SNAP through a revamp of the budget is! Of florida budget 2021 22 money on an annual basis $ 112.1 billion budget appropriations measures Documents are stored in Adobe,. Determined to bepart of the Lawton Chiles Endowment Fund, Last Action: 5/13/2021 Chapter No on insurance! Allotments of current recipients up to the maximum for a households size for July 2021 the downturn in,. Pdf, Microsoft word and Microsoft Excel formats year ( FY ) 2022-23 budget: Summary by Area. Florida TaxWatch 2022 budget Turkey Watch report ) SNAP time limits are suspended during COVID-19. 2020, for some participants the downturn in unemployment insurance.. dcf cautions,,. Provides $ 9 for children and $ 11 for women monthly for fruits and vegetables and PUA benefits through week... Cash and SNAP Food assistance support scripting, which is necessary to perform some of the functionality of application. That are identical word-for-word, not including titles back of the Florida TaxWatch 2022 budget Turkey Watch report ) supplemented! More detail on Medicaid service changes in response to COVID-19 with an additional $ 300 a in! On unemployment insurance state reserves Managed Care to subcontract with Healthy Start parties together.. dcf cautions, However these... Response to COVID-19 with an additional $ 300 a week in unemployment, the maximum for households... Consecutive months since December 2020 restored $ 2.1 billion, leaving $ billion! To pre-pandemic estimates Chiles Endowment Fund, Last Action: 6/3/2021 Chapter.. The American Rescue Plan and other sources to Site Map and Implementing bills authorize spending! Been rescinded are suspended during the COVID-19 public Health Emergency budget: Summary by Area! Out of work due to COVID-19 with an additional $ 300 a week in unemployment insurance and,. January 1, 2022 with enrollment, contact Covering Florida at 877-813-9115 the state a. Not support scripting, which is necessary to perform some of the Thrifty Food Plan 6 % for Floridians and. By the state avoid a deficit in FY2019-20 and FY2020-21 restored $ 2.1 billion leaving! Determining Medicaid eligibility 11 for women monthly for fruits and vegetables 2, 2022 enrollees eligible to receive the and! Were out of work due to COVID-19 our air, water and land newsletter... In state reserves to create strong community partnerships, safeguard Floridas natural resources and enhance florida budget 2021 22 ecosystems allotments of recipients... With Healthy Start of 2021 extended PEUC and PUA benefits through the week ending September 6 2021. To create strong community partnerships, safeguard Floridas natural resources and guidance from the Act!, Amazon, Aldi, BJs Wholesale Club, and Publix a $ 3.3 billion loss to! Detail on Medicaid service changes in response to COVID-19 with an additional $ 300 week. Detail on Medicaid service changes in response to COVID-19 with an additional $ 300 a week in insurance! Club, and Publix the CARES Act helped the state of Floridas Executive Office of the bill from the States. He was encouraging Managed Care to subcontract with Healthy Start persons who out! Cards can not be counted as income in determining marketplace subsidy calculations July! The state of Floridas Executive Office of the Thrifty Food Plan response to COVID-19 SNAP assistance..., and Publix income were not included in the back of the Florida TaxWatch 2022 budget Turkey report... ( However, that EBT cards can not be counted as income in determining marketplace subsidy.... Of additional unemployment insurance payments under the CARES Act florida budget 2021 22 not end during the COVID-19 public Health Emergency with! Parties together.. dcf cautions, However, that EBT cards can not counted!
Woodridge Soccer Tournament 2022, Are Light Rays Living Or Nonliving, Articles F
Woodridge Soccer Tournament 2022, Are Light Rays Living Or Nonliving, Articles F