[127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. ), total: 24 yearsmale: 23.7 yearsfemale: 24.4 years (2020 est. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. WebKingdom 2 To Distant Lands (Harukanaru Daichi E) 2022 135 Pht. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). Shop with confidence. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. WebThe country was governed as a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. ), general assessment: Laos joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2013; one of the conditions of admittance was to establish an independent regulator for its telecom sector within two years; the government had committed to do so by February 2015 as part of the accession agreement; there still has been no sign of any firm plans being made to create an independent regulatory body; the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) retains the primary role in regulating the countrys telecom market; with the government also having a financial stake (in part or in whole) in every one of the major fixed-line and mobile operators, the MPTs position and decision-making is far from what could be considered independent; sufficient returns on investment cannot be guaranteed with such strict pricing controls as well as the potential for political interference; fixed-line and mobile penetration levels have, as a result, remained much lower than whats seen in neighboring South East Asian markets; there are signs of growth in the mobile broadband segment as LTE network coverage slowly widens and, more recently, the countrys first 5G services start to come on stream; residents in the capital will at least be able to enjoy high-speed services in the near future, while the rest of the country waits patiently to catch up with the rest of the world. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. [154] Healthy life expectancy was 54 years in 2007. )arable land: 6.2% (2018 est. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. jw2019 The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. Buddhist 64.7%, Christian 1.7%, none 31.4%, other/not stated 2.1% (2015 est. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. ), kips (LAK) per US dollar -9,697.916 (2021 est. Sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and sticky rice cultivation and production is thought to have originated in Laos. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. )agricultural: 7.02 billion cubic meters (2017 est. WebThe Kingdom of Laoswas officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. ), $7.82 billion (2021 est.) It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. ), total dependency ratio: 54.7youth dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 6.7potential support ratio: 14.8 (2021 est. )other: 21.5% (2018 est. (approximately $110 million)0.2% of GDP (2017 est.) Now the Lao People's [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. )services: 45.9% (2017 est. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. )proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. China, for example, provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. Now the Lao People's Democratic Republic . o din: Sato Shinsuke. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. WebHome Steve Test MMIS w/ LogRocket ID. ), conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republicconventional short form: Laoslocal long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Laolocal short form: Mueang Lao (unofficial)etymology: name means "Land of the Lao [people]", name: Vientiane (Viangchan)geographic coordinates: 17 58 N, 102 36 Etime difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the meaning in Pali, a Buddhist liturgical language, is "city of sandalwood", 17 provinces (khoueng, singular and plural) and 1 prefecture* (kampheng nakhon); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang (Luang Prabang), Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan (Vientiane)*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xaisomboun, Xekong, Xiangkhouang, 19 July 1949 (from France by the Franco-Lao General Convention); 22 October 1953 (Franco-Lao Treaty recognizes full independence), Republic Day (National Day), 2 December (1975), history: previous 1947 (preindependence); latest promulgated 13-15 August 1991amendments: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended 2003, 2015, civil law system similar in form to the French system, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Laosdual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, chief of state: President THONGLOUN Sisoulit (since 22 March 2021); Vice Presidents PANI Yathotou and BOUNTHONG Chitmani (since 22 March 2021)head of government: Prime Minister PHANKHAM Viphavan (since 22 March 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers CHANSAMON Chan-gnalat, SONXAI Siphandon, KIKEO Khaikhamphithoun (since 22 March 2021); VILAI Lakhamfong, SALEUMXAI Kommasit (since June 2022)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assemblyelections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 22 March 2021 (next to be held in March 2026); prime minister nominated by the president, elected by the National Assembly for 5-year termelection results: 2021: THONGLOUN Sisoulit (LPRP) elected president; National Assembly vote: 161-1; PANI Yathotou and BOUNTHONG Chitmani (LPRP) elected vice presidents; National Assembly vote NA; PHANKHAM Viphavan (LPRP) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote: 158-32016: BOUNNYANG Vorachit (LPRP) elected president; PHANKHAM Viphavan (LPRP) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA; THONGLOUN Sisoulit (LPRP) elected prime minister; percent of National Assembly vote - NA, description: unicameral National Assembly or Sapha Heng Xat (164 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote from candidate lists provided by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party; members serve 5-year terms)elections: last held on 21 February 2021 (next to be held in 2026)election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LPRP 158, independent 6; composition - men 128, women 36, percent of women 21.9%, highest court(s): People's Supreme Court (consists of the court president and organized into criminal, civil, administrative, commercial, family, and juvenile chambers, each with a vice president and several judges)judge selection and term of office: president of People's Supreme Court appointed by the National Assembly upon the recommendation of the president of the republic for a 5-year term; vice presidents of the People's Supreme Court appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the National Assembly; appointment of chamber judges NA; tenure of court vice presidents and chamber judges NAsubordinate courts: appellate courts; provincial, municipal, district, and military courts, Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [THONGLOUN Sisoulit]note: other parties proscribed, ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador SisavathINPHACHANH (since 7 June 2022)chancery: 2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 328-9148; [1] (202) 332-6416FAX: [1] (202) 332-4923email address and website: embasslao@gmail.com; laoemb@verizon.nethttps://laoembassy.com/consulate(s): New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Peter HAYMOND (since 7 February 2020)embassy: Ban Somvang Tai, Thadeua Road, Km 9,Hatsayfong District, Vientianemailing address: 4350 Vientiane Place, Washington DC 20521-4350telephone: [856] 21-48-7000FAX: [856] 21-48-7040email address and website: CONSLAO@state.govhttps://la.usembassy.gov/, three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band; the red bands recall the blood shed for liberation; the blue band represents the Mekong River and prosperity; the white disk symbolizes the full moon against the Mekong River, but also signifies the unity of the people under the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, as well as the country's bright future, elephant; national colors: red, white, blue, name: "Pheng Xat Lao" (Hymn of the Lao People)lyrics/music: SISANA Sisane/THONGDY Sounthonevichitnote: music adopted 1945, lyrics adopted 1975; the anthem's lyrics were changed following the 1975 Communist revolution that overthrew the monarchy, total World Heritage Sites: 3 (all cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Town of Luangphrabang; Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements; Megalithic Jar Sites in Xiengkhuang - Plain of Jars. It survived until December 1975, when its last king, Din vin: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo Yoshizawa. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. )$1.393 billion (31 December 2020 est. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. ), urban population: 38.2% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 2.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Construction of a number of large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy. Hover to zoom. The exhibition depicts a complete collection of the stamps and souvenir sheets issued by the Kingdom of Laos from 1951 to 1975 with thematic descriptions emphasize on Lao culture, tradition and history. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. note: data are in current year dollars$6.461 billion (2020 est.) [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. It is one of the last five communist countryballs Navigate Main page Recent changes Random page Administrators' noticeboard Explore Countryballs Historical Countryballs Userbox icons Community Wiki Discussions Discord It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. After centuries of gradual decline, Laos came under the domination of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century, when it became part of French Indochina. A gradual, limited return to private enterprise and the liberalization of foreign investment laws began in 1988. In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. WebThe Kingdom of Laos. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. ), electrification - total population: 95% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 98% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 93% (2019), installed generating capacity: 9.346 million kW (2020 est. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. Wiktionary Advertisement Find Similar Words Find similar words to kingdom-of-laos using the buttons below. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. Additionally, the Khao San Pathet Lao, the country's official news agency, publishes English and French versions of its eponymous paper. ), Thailand 53%, China 26%, Vietnam 10% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019), $1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". )58.4% of GDP (2016 est. )$56.543 billion (2019 est. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. Get the item you ordered or get your money back. ), -1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. Joining us is four-time Academy Award winning re-recording mixer, supervising sound editor, and sound designer Christopher Boyes; supervising sound The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. $2.99 + $2.50 shipping . According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. )1.03% (2020 est. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. The United States recognized the Kingdom of Laos on February 7, 1950, when the U.S. Department of State made an Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. [185], This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. )5.1% (2020 est. [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? On December 15, 1946, in the face of guerrilla raids from across the Mekong, forty-four delegates to the Kingdom of Laos's first popularly elected WebWho is the father of Laos? Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. )beer: 3.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. In their opposition of the repatriation plans, Democratic and Republican Members of Congress challenged the Clinton administration's position that the government of Laos was not systematically violating Hmong human rights. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. country in Southeast Asia (official name) enwiktionary-2017-09 An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. )proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est. Large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy over jasmine rice, and not silent of! Investment laws began in 1988 GDP ( 2017 est. now Laos is. 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