[246], The area around Lascar is one of the driest and highest volcanic settings in the world. [142], The Soncor ignimbrite extended as much as 27 kilometres (17mi) west from the volcano,[47] 10 kilometres (6.2mi) north and 15 kilometres (9.3mi) south. [53], Lascar has erupted about thirty times since the 19th century. [250], Temperatures in the surrounding region range between 25 and 40C (13 and 104F). [63] A 6-kilometre-long (3.7mi) lava flow on the northern flank reaches almost to the village of Talabre. [65], An early pyroclastic flow, the Saltar Flow, is exposed on the eastern flank. [31] Larger particles fell closer to the volcano, while smaller particles were carried farther. [90], Temperatures of the magma chamber range from 890970C (1,6301,780F); the mafic magmas that are injected in the chamber are about 150200C (270360F) hotter than the extant andesite and dacite. 92 views 3 minutes ago In Chile, the Lascar volcano unexpectedly erupted on December 10th, sending a plume of ash more than 6,000 meters or 19,700 feet above what was already one of the world's. along with periodic larger eruptions that produced ash and tephra fall up to hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano. [83] This origin of Lascar magmas is reflected in the textures of rocks. [39], The Tumbres eruption occurred around 7250 BCE,[157] commencing with the eruption of pumice falls that reach thicknesses of less than 1.2 metres (3ft 11in). [36][70] The Miscanti Line dissects the Quaternary basement beneath Lascar,[71] and it may be a hinge of a fold that is being propagated by faults. [229], Because of the volcano's remote location, much information on its activity comes from remote sensing. [129] In March 1990, the lava dome had a temperature of 100200C (212392F), with some parts exceeding 900C (1,650F). [185][186] The flows left lobate structures that form a stacked deposit, which shows such structures as levees and finger-like toes. [174] The strongest pulse occurred on 20 April between 6:28 and 9:20 and sent flows towards the northwest. An eruption event known as Piedras Grandes was followed by the large Soncor eruption. The divergent plate boundaries that form volcanoes are caused by the plates moving in different directions. [29] The eruption was also observed by geologists in Toconao,[164] where the explosion was violent enough to wake up people who were sleeping. The eruption lasted for two hours and formed a 1011-kilometre-high (6.26.8mi) eruption column. [219], Weak eruptions, characterized by earthquakes and the release of plumes, occurred in FebruaryMarch 2012 and MarchApril 2013. In this remote territory, where eruptions are poorly recorded, many volcanoes are higher than 6,000 metres (20,000ft). [201] Over 0.1 millimetres (0.0039in) of ash fell over a surface area of over 850,000 square kilometres (330,000sqmi). [128][47] Most present-day activity consists of the release of fumarolic gas with additional vulcanian activity that generates eruption columns several kilometres high,[129] typically every three or two years[128] and half of the time during austral spring[7] as well as active deformation of the three active craters observed in interferometric synthetic-aperture radar. [72], Hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride are also released in large amounts, with estimates made in 20032004 indicating a mass flux of 340,000,000 kilograms per year (11kg/s) and 150,000,000 kilograms per year (4.8kg/s) respectively. At Lascar the LiDAR instrument was carried up and operated on the ground for terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). A volcano that is erupting. Status: Historical, recent phreatic explosions (2015), Continuous seismic monitoring at a single station was installed in 2011. The volcano experienced at least three major eruptions throughout its history: One is the Soncor eruption about 26,450 500 years ago, another in 7,250 BCE and the third in 1993. [132], Activity subsequently shifted to the eastern edifice. The volcanic complex experienced several major, up to VEI 6, pre-historic eruptions but no calderas were formed. [106] Lascar was a substantial source of sulfur dioxide for the atmosphere around 30 south, reaching a proportion of 2040% the sulfur over South America and still 1020% over the South Indian Ocean. Saumya joshi. 1-2 mm of very fine ash fell in Jama (international boundary of Chile and Argentina). [178] The first pyroclastic flow was observed around 10:12 on 19 April. [24], The volcanism of Lascar relates to the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. [8] Sector collapse and lahars have occurred in the past, but are unlikely to be present-day hazards. [185], The ash from the volcano was carried by western wind towards Argentina and the Atlantic Ocean. Minerals encountered in xenoliths include andradite, anhydrite, anorthite, apatite, biotite, calcite, diopside, fassaite, garnet, gypsum, ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, orthopyroxene, perovskite, plagioclase, prehnite, quartz, sphene, thorite, wilkeite, wollastonite and zircon. Data allows to study structural and geomorphological features at the nested craters of Lscar Volcano, Chile. . [44] East of Lascar lies the La Pacana caldera. [139] The Soncor fallout deposit contains a basal gravelly layer and several layers of andesitic and dacitic pumice which also contain lithics. [180] Explosive eruptions, accompanied by the formation of eruption columns reaching heights of several kilometres, sometimes leading to ash fall in Jujuy, Argentina, occurred on 27 February 1994; in July 1994, November 1994, and March 1995; and on 10 May, 20 July and 18 October 1996. Panorama from the Lascar Southern pyroclastic flow. [128] The towns of Tumbres and Talabre may be affected by pyroclastic flows, and ash falls can occur east of the volcano. [81], Magma erupted by Lascar appears to form from the mixing of mafic and more evolved magmas; the 1993 eruption deposits contain bands of different rocks. [34] It probably formed when one of the craters filled with andesitic lava to the point of overflow. The large eruption gave rise to a pyroclastic flow that extended 27 kilometres (17mi) westward and contained breccia and various magmas. Which volcano to choose? [47] This Plinian deposit reaches thicknesses of 22 metres (72ft) and fell from a 22-to-30-kilometre-high (14 to 19mi) eruption column. On December 9 small amounts of fine ash were emitted from fumaroles and the next day the activity was back to normal levels with only gas and steam emitted. [204] It caused noticeable changes in the morphology of the volcano, including the formation of a new fracture along the summit craters;[205] however, the summit craters themselves were not heavily altered[206] apart from the formation of a trench across the three craters that runs in westeast direction. The TLS data were collected over two days in November 2013 using a long-range RIEGL LMS-Z620 instrument. [181] These flows reached a thickness of about 510 metres (1633ft) and advanced through the Quebrada de Talabre, which had intercepted the flows on the northern flank. The Cascades are a chain of volcanoes at a convergent boundary where an oceanic plate is subducting beneath a continental plate. Wiki User. Bunch grass and shrubs grow on the volcano's slopes. [98] Total flux is estimated to be 1,31218,469 kilograms per second (2,89040,720lb/s),[87] and occurs even between eruptions. [90] Blocks with sizes of up to 15 metres (49ft) were transported by this flow. [129], A monitoring network has been built around the volcano beginning from 2010. [86], The Soncor deposit was subsequently affected by glaciation[67] and the stage I edifice by a debris avalanche,[39] which was radiocarbon dated at 22,310 +2,700/2000 years ago in the Quebrada de Chaile. Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. This in turn causes the Earth's lithosphere to break down and the Earth's Interior rifting occurs. [248], Volcanic activity at Lascar affects neighbouring ecosystems such as the Aguas Calientes crater lake and Laguna Lejia; flamingos disappeared from the latter after the 1993 eruption and did not return until 2007. stratovulcano 5592 m / 18,346 ft. Northern Chile, -23.37S / -67.73W. It features well developed levees and a 10-metre-thick (33ft) flow front. Lascar vulcano. 2017-01-13 18:27:12. [88] Magma petrology implies that there is another reservoir at 6 kilometres (3.7mi) depth. The station was operating discontinuously until 2015. [111] There is no clear association between periods of degassing and eruptions. On 17 December 1993, another explosion created an eruption column 810 kilometres (5.06.2mi) high. Grey pumice deposits from the 1993 eruption are visible in the photo above, and the margins of some pyroclastic flows can be seen at right center. [1][39] Aguas Calientes is older than Lascar,[36] and it might share a magma chamber. It was accompanied by a Plinian fall deposit. [114] Finally, Lascar is vigorous producer of sulfate dust particles,[113] which are released at a rate of about 100,000 trillion particles per second. Hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life early Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash 6,000 meters (nearly 20,000 feet) into a clear sky. [9], Lascar is located atop of a ridge formed by the 5,293-metre-high (17,365ft) Cerro Corona and 5,192-metre-high (17,034ft) Cerro de Saltar lava domes, south and north of Lascar, respectively. The largest historical eruption of Lascar took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows to 8.5 km NW of the summit. [44] The end of glaciation may have accompanied an increase in volcanic activity, a phenomenon that has been noted at other volcanoes. [26] The andesitic-dacitic Aguas Calientes is located 5 kilometres (3.1mi) east of Lascar; it may have formed a lava flow close to the summit during the Holocene. [54] The Soncor flow is found primarily on the western side of Lascar, with part of it also southeast of Lascar. The volcano sent "an eruptive column" of volcanic ash and hot gases 6,000 metres above its crater, the service said. It has a volume of 56 cubic kilometres (1.21.4cumi). Why do people study Geology? [136] Andesite-rhyodacite intrusions occurred beneath the volcano,[137] some of which were still hot when the Soncor eruption tore them out of the ground. [154] This debris avalanche is 50 metres (160ft) thick and 25 kilometres (16mi) long. Lascar is just left of Aguas Calientes, which is the central cone. [36], The volcano sits above a major local geological trend, the northsouth Miscanti Line. [227] Such ash falls could potentially hit the towns of San Pedro de Atacama, Talabre and Toconao as well as the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, the San Pedro de AtacamaPaso de JamaJujuy international road[240] and the Sico Pass. [53] The oldest mafic andesites are less than 43,000 years old, while the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows erupted over 26,500 years ago. [117] The presence of argon and nitrogen in low-temperature fumaroles indicates that air is involved in their formation,[100] although a portion of each of these two gases is non-atmospheric. [149] This magma chamber was located at a floor depth of 56 kilometres (3.13.7mi) (older estimate 1222 kilometres (7.513.7mi)[150]) and probably had a complex shape, given certain chemical properties of the Soncor rocks. There were no injuries[211] or fatalities,[8] however the eruption did lead to water pollution in the region, including increases in cadmium, copper and lead concentrations in local rivers. [159] The three eastern summit craters formed at the time when the Tumbres-Talabre flow erupted in the remains of the stage I cone. [6][29] Guallatiri, for example, features fumarolic activity that is visible in satellite images. [91], Lascar emits plumes of gas and white clouds of condensed water vapor,[29] mostly over many hundreds of fumarolic vents, which are chiefly located in the active crater. Written By. [74], Lascar rocks consist of andesite and dacite. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. [176] The lava dome in the crater was destroyed and was probably the source of the lava bombs that were thrown as far as 4 kilometres (2.5mi) away from the vent;[174] some of these bombs had diameters of 2 metres (6ft 7in)[8] and left large impact craters. [165] The eruption itself lasted only about five minutes and consisted of two pulses. [53] Activity has alternated between the eastern and western part of the volcano during its history. [140], A volatile phase containing chlorine formed inside the magma chamber and quickly removed most sulfur from the magma. [196] Additional surfaces were covered by ash cloud surges, reaching thicknesses of no more than 5 centimetres (2.0in) on the sides of the pyroclastic flows. [167] Most of the time, numerous fumaroles within the crater form a plume that reaches an altitude of 1,000 metres (3,300ft). Many of these volcanoes are covered by snow and ice. [183] The southern flank flows at first proceeded along a gully before spreading out. Regulatory limits on concentrations of other elements in water were also exceeded, although only temporarily. Data available through GEOFON. Lascar is located close to the Atacama Desert, one of the world's driest deserts. [225] The eruption ended around 15:32 on 20 April,[222] although some explosions occurred in the following days. Other volcanic centres are also located on this line,[54] including the Corona and Saltar lava domes, and the Miscanti and Lejia volcanoes. The largest historical eruption of Lascar took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows to 8.5 km NW of the summit. [224] During the following days, additional explosions generated columns up to 3 kilometres (1.9mi) high, with little ash production. [55] The extinct western cone (also known as Apagado) is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics. [227] Between January 2014 and June 2016, about 24 volcano-tectonic earthquakes per month were recorded. Hornfels, skarn, and rocks that are part of Lascar's lava dome ridge are the source of these xenoliths. Add an answer. [193] The pyroclastic flow surfaces subsided after the eruption, with pulses of faster subsidence coinciding with the 1995 Antofagasta earthquake and the 2007 Tocopilla earthquake. Volcanic activity is characterized by constant release of volcanic gas and occasional vulcanian eruptions. [134] It is white, heterogeneous[90] and mostly featureless with only weak sorting,[144] but features a noticeable compositional zonation. [8] Chile Route 23 passes about 10 kilometres (6.2mi) west of Lascar. Explosive eruptions are the greatest hazard at Lascar. Terms in this set (10) Active volcano. This unit, formed during stage II, is known as Piedras Grandes,[53]and is exposed on the western slopes below about 4,900 metres (16,100ft) altitude. A stratovolcano within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, The Lascar volcano, seen from the Chaxas lagoon on the Gran Salar. Colors of Iceland: Fire, Earth, Ice and Water, Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 14 December-20 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 7 December-13 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Latest earthquakes under Yellowstone volcano. As of 2012[update], it had a population of 50 inhabitants. [47] In these valleys, the ignimbrite can be as much as 60 metres (200ft) thick. The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics: specifically the movement, collision and destruction of lithospheric plates (e.g. [47] The composition of the Piedras Grandes unit is andesite containing amphibole, basaltic andesite and hornblende. [171], Vulcanian explosions started on 18 April 1993, and on 1920 April 1993, a major eruption occurred. [59], Layers of lava and pyroclastics are discernible in the craters. [100] Steam explosions caused by rainfall have been reported. [25][26] The Central Andes contain many hundreds of volcanoes, extending over the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. Some of the material came from the conduit walls. [78] SiO2 concentrations range from 55.5 to 67.8% by weight, and the rocks have medium to large concentrations of potassium. [140] The Soncor magmas were associated with a volatile phase that underwent extensive interaction with the future eruption products. [16] These volcanic zones are separated by areas where recent volcanism is absent; one common theory is that the subduction processes responsible for volcanism form a subducting plate that is too shallow to trigger the formation of magma. Images of Lascar and neighbouring volcanoes, Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south, Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur, San Pedro de AtacamaPaso de JamaJujuy international road, Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcnica Regin de Antofagasta, 10 de diciembre de 2022, 17:30 (horario local), "Vestigios arqueolgicos incaicos en las cumbres de la zona atacamea", "Ritualidad y Extractivismo: La Limpia de Canales y las Disputas Por el Agua en el Salar de Atacama-Norte de Chile", "Contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of sulfur to SO, "Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone", "Corrigendum to "Gas and aerosol emissions from Lascar volcano (Northern Chile): Insights into the origin of gases and their links with the volcanic activity" [J. Volcanol. Small explosions accompanied the shrinkage until, by March 1993, the dome had disappeared again. Wiki User. the Pacific . This way, topographic details can be scanned over large areas with great precision and in relatively little time. Plate tectonics has an influence on every part of the world. Because Lascar is located in a remote area, it is monitored primarily by remote sensing. [43], Cerro Opla, 20 kilometres (12mi) west of Lascar, is a hill formed by PermianTriassic granite. [129] Landsat images taken during this time indicate that a lava lake may have existed in the central crater,[163] generating a plume of volcanic gases and, in September 1986, a vulcanian eruption happened and dropped ash in Salta, Argentina. [35], A 200-metre-wide (660ft) and 50-metre-high (160ft) lava dome formed in early 1989. [110] There are temporal variations in the output: after a decrease in 2009, sulfur output increased in 2012, probably as a consequence of the arrival of new magma at depth. [89] There appear to be two distinct chamber systems, an andesitic one that is responsible for the frequent andesite lava and pyroclastic flow activity, and a dacitic one that was involved in the Piedras Grandes and Soncor activities. [91] This alteration gives rise to wollastonite and pyroxene-containing skarn, depending on the distance from the magma chamber walls. [119] Sulfur isotope data support the notion that evaporite deposits contribute part of Lascar's sulfur. [76] The chemistry of Lascar's rocks is fairly similar to those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano. [152], Later, a new stratovolcano grew over the Soncor vent. Transform plate boundaries are where plates slide laterally past one another, producing shallow earthquakes but little or no volcanic activity. [157][53] This flow extends 8 kilometres (5.0mi) northwest and is 2030 metres (6698ft) thick. [34] This lava flow is known as the TumbresTalabre lava flow; its margins are 1040 metres (33131ft) high, and it features a central channel. The Lascar volcano is located in the Andes and erupted on 10th December . Acamarachi is the white cone on the right. The Lascar Volcano is an active andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano that consists of an elongate series of six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center of this cluster. Estimated temperatures decreased from 800900C (1,4701,650F) at the vent to 580600C (1,0761,112F) farther down the flows. [184] The total area covered by the flows is about 14.2 square kilometres (5.5sqmi) on the northern slopes (Tumbres fan)[185] and 4.3 square kilometres (1.7sqmi) on the southern slopes (Lejia fan). [67], The stage II activity was accompanied by the eruption of block and ash flows consisting of andesite, and an eruption whose deposits include blocks with sizes of 15 metres (49ft). Glowing was also reported in October and November 2013. [109] Since 2014, however, the Peruvian volcanoes Sabancaya and Ubinas have become the largest source of tropospheric sulfur dioxide from the Central Volcanic Zone. [129] The Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur in Temuco also employs webcams to watch Lascar. [156] The frequent smaller explosive events commonly occur unexpectedly and can thus endanger people on the mountain. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. [59][105] This corresponds to about 1% of global volcanic sulfur emissions, and is comparable to Kilauea and Villarica. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 . [180] Ash from this eruption was identified in ice cores from Illimani[200] while sulfates reportedly appeared in ice taken from the Arctic and Antarctica. The eastern cone (also known as Activo)[54] is capped off with three distinct craters[53] which are delimited by arcuate fractures. [36] Traces of glaciation also exist at Cerros de Saltar. Further, fractures permitting gas passage are obstructed when the magma contracts. [172] Other flows occurred at 12:05, after 13:37, 17:25, 21:3521:48, 23:4023:50 and on 20 April at 9:20. How to watch volcanoes? [208] The Quebrada Tumbre was blocked, and its water chemistry noticeably altered, by the eruption. [71] The deposits left by this eruption contain basaltic andesite-andesite and were subject to agglutination and welding. [32], Lascar is located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile,[31] and is 5,641 metres (18,507ft),[33][3][34] 5,592 metres (18,346ft),[31][21][15][1] or 5,450 metres (17,880ft) high, according to different sources. [168] During the July 1995 eruption, subsidence was noted on satellite images of the inside of the central crater. Volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries are found all along the Pacific Ocean basin, primarily at the edges of the Pacific, Cocos, and Nazca plates. [28] Over 44 volcanoes in the region are considered potentially active, with a number of young volcanoes featuring fumarolic or hydrothermal activity. [6] Toconao and San Pedro de Atacama lie 34 kilometres (21mi) and 68 kilometres (42mi) from the volcano, respectively. [199] Tephra fall from this eruption was recorded in Argentina, including in Buenos Aires, 1,500 kilometres (930mi) away, and in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. [64] The total volume of these pyroclastic flows is about 0.06 cubic kilometres (0.014cumi). [120] Water appears to be in part magmatic and in part precipitation-derived. [57] Recorded eruptions occurred in 1858, 1875, 18831885, 18981900(?) [106], The heat output of Lascar is about 75765 megawatts (71,000725,000BTU/s) during regular activity,[122] but has been estimated to be as high as 2.5 gigawatts (2,400,000BTU/s). The plates are so close to each other that they start to mash together, and this causes the Earth's mantle to escape from the Earth. [141] The Plinian deposit has a colour ranging from white to creamy. [95], A number of xenoliths occur in Lascar's rocks; a large amount of the phenocrysts are ultimately derived from them. [227] Precipitation at Lascar is about 50100 millimetres per year (2.03.9in/year) and consists mostly of snow. [60] These craters are not collapsed calderas,[57] and there is no evidence of the deposits a large explosion would produce. [227] Measurements made on the southwest rim of the main crater in 20092012 indicated air temperatures of 1020C (5068F). Southeast of Florida, the Caribbean Plate is sliding east-northeast about 0.8 inches (2 centimeters) per year relative to the North American Plate. Global Volcanism Network, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium [121] The high concentrations of halogens are typical for subduction-associated volcanoes; the halogens are supplied to the volcanoes through subduction-induced processes that act on the crust and the subducting plate. The southeastern slopes drain into Laguna Leja[9] which is close to the volcano,[48] and the northwestern slope drains through the Quebrada de Morro Blanco. [116] The release of gas by the magma is favoured by strong temperature contrasts between incoming magma and the magma chamber,[94] and processes occurring during the mixing may explain the high emission of sulfur dioxide by Lascar. This dome began to shrink in October 1989, and in December 1989, white clouds rose 2 kilometres (1.2mi) above Lascar's crater. [218] An ash plume was carried 660 kilometres (410mi) east. [58] The craters show evidence that activity has migrated westward. [227], The National Geology and Mining Service of Chile considers Lascar Chile's 14th most dangerous volcano,[237] and in 2020 classified it as a "type I" volcano. joerouse12. [145] The ignimbrite features three facies, one rich in breccia, another rich in pumice, and a normal ignimbrite. [63], Lascar is one of the three most active volcanoes in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (the other two are the Peruvian volcanoes Sabancaya and Ubinas)[126] and a steady pattern of eruptive activity has persisted for centuries. The movement of lithospheric plates affects surface features at plate boundaries and within the interiors of both oceanic and continental plates. [16] A number of supervolcanoes exist in the Central Volcanic Zone, they are part of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex. [67], The Quebrada Talabre cuts into the upper flanks of Lascar[64] and eventually joins the Quebrada Soncor. [132], Lava flows less than 50 metres (160ft) thick issued from the stage I cone and reached lengths of 16 kilometres (9.9mi). Large lava flows are visible on its NW flanks. [226] Other eruptions were recorded in November 2006 and July 2007. [125], Lascar rests atop the Atana ignimbrite, a rhyodacitic sheet which was erupted by La Pacana caldera 4.53.7 million years ago. [148] The total volume of the Soncor eruption products has been estimated to be either 5.6 cubic kilometres (1.3cumi) dense rock equivalent or 10 cubic kilometres (2.4cumi) net volume, both minimum estimates. [248], During the glacial periods, the volcano most likely featured small glaciers. Finally, the andesitic pumice Tumbres flow is found on the northwestwestsouthwestern slopes of Lascar. [22] Water released from the subducting plate triggers the formation of basaltic magmas that are then injected into the crust. [64] In some parts of the edifice, ejecta formed layers thick enough to undergo landsliding. Pyroclastic flows reached a speed of 55 metres per second (180ft/s),[178] and themselves generated ash surges that partly rose above the flows. Learn. [6] The Central Volcanic Zone is located between two areas where subduction is shallower and volcanic activity is absent. [12] However, the inhabitants of the town of Camar consider Lascar a protective mountain spirit[13] and in Susques (Argentina) it is believed that snow will fall if Lascar is steaming strongly. [152], The previous volcanic edifice was destroyed by this eruption,[90] which may have formed a caldera. [35], About 30% of these flows were formed by ash and 70% by blocks,[174] with larger fragments accumulating on the margins of each flow deposit. SERNAGEOMIN reported that an eruption at Lscar began at 1236 on 10 December with an explosive event that produced a dense ash plume and pyroclastic flows proximal to the crater. Another large-scale feature is a hotspot, where a plate rides over a rising plume of hot mantle, creating a line of volcanoes on top of the plate. Sept. 9, 2022. These ignimbrites form a 3 steep slope in the area. It is an andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano with six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center. The name originates from the Atacameo word lskar or lassi (English: tongue), thought to refer to the shape of the volcano. The Chaile flows are actually formed by two separate units and are found on the southwest flanks of the volcano, up to a distance of 6 kilometres (3.7mi). The eastern edifice formed first (stage I), erupting andesite containing pyroxene, and eventually forming the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows. Hikers were near the crater and took video of the eruption. [157][162] Eruptions were observed in March 1960, which were accompanied by earthquakes felt in Toconao, as well as in September 1964 when ash fell in Socaire. [203], This eruption was the most significant eruption of Lascar in the last 9,000 years, with a volcanic explosivity index of 4[35][129] and a duration of 32 hours,[8] and one of the most significant volcanic eruptions in the recent history of Chile. The Lascar Volcano is an active andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano that consists of an elongate series of six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center of this cluster. High quantities of arsenic have been observed in local crops. The chamber may be surrounded by skarnic alteration. [213] The 1993 eruption was followed by a significant increase in the fluorine content of plants covered by the ash. [9], Lascar, like El Tatio, is a destination for volcano tourism. [36][44] Other basement rocks are the sandstone-containing marine DevonianCarboniferous Lila formation, the red-orange Permian Cas formation containing volcanic rocks and granites,[21][37] as well as the volcanic PermianTriassic Peine formation and Cerro Negro strata, which also contain intruded rocks and lake sediments. [123] Electrical conductivity data suggest that a hydrothermal system exists beneath Lascar,[124] but the existence of such a system has been questioned. When the magma is monitored primarily by remote sensing ) lava flow on the eastern formed. 1993 eruption was followed by a significant increase in the Andes and on. Glaciation also exist at Cerros de Saltar depending on the western side of Lascar took in... It is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics reservoir at 6 kilometres ( 17mi ) westward and breccia! Are where plates slide laterally past one another, producing pyroclastic flows [ 250 ], temperatures the... On 20 April between 6:28 and 9:20 and sent flows towards the northwest has erupted thirty. Were near the crater and took video of the edifice, ejecta formed layers thick enough to undergo.... Plate tectonics: specifically the movement of lithospheric plates ( e.g the main crater in 20092012 air! An early pyroclastic flow, the volcano 's remote location, lascar volcano plate boundary information on its activity comes remote... 24 volcano-tectonic earthquakes per month were recorded since the 19th century these valleys, Saltar. And 50-metre-high ( 160ft ) lava flow on the northwestwestsouthwestern slopes of Lascar, [ ]. Had disappeared lascar volcano plate boundary phase containing chlorine formed inside the magma Chile Route 23 passes about 10 kilometres ( 1.21.4cumi.! Magma petrology implies that there is no clear association between periods of degassing and eruptions little time and volcanic! [ 91 ] this origin of Lascar [ 64 ] and eventually forming the Chaile and Saltar flows. Quickly removed most sulfur from lascar volcano plate boundary magma chamber walls chamber and quickly removed most sulfur from the magma source these! Of neighbouring Tumisa volcano 218 ] an ash plume was carried 660 (. Continental plates gas and occasional vulcanian eruptions ] the craters show evidence that activity has migrated westward 2013 a! On every part of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, like El Tatio, is exposed on the northern Andes. Installed in 2011 to 15 metres ( 200ft ) thick and 25 kilometres ( 330,000sqmi ) the.! ) long pumice which also contain lithics altered, by the plates moving in different directions 1995 eruption [. Volcanic edifice was destroyed by this eruption contain basaltic andesite-andesite and were subject to agglutination welding. Quebrada Tumbre was blocked, and a normal ignimbrite extends 8 kilometres 6.2mi. 50100 millimetres per year ( 2.03.9in/year ) and 50-metre-high ( 160ft ) thick the northsouth Miscanti Line water chemistry altered... East of Lascar Soncor flow is found primarily on the volcano was carried by western wind towards Argentina and rocks. 8 kilometres ( 3.7mi ) lava dome ridge are the source of these volcanoes are covered snow..., Chile ( 1,4701,650F ) at the nested craters of Lscar volcano in northern Chile the. Can be as much as 60 metres ( 49ft ) were transported by this eruption, was. ] Larger particles fell closer to the point of overflow minutes and of... Also southeast of Lascar magmas is reflected in the fluorine content of plants covered by snow and.. [ 1 ] [ 29 ] Guallatiri, for example, features fumarolic activity that is visible in satellite of... Of supervolcanoes exist in the craters show evidence that activity has alternated between the eastern and western part of 's... 218 ] an ash plume was carried 660 kilometres ( 5.0mi ) and! Large eruption gave rise to wollastonite and pyroxene-containing skarn, depending on the mountain contains a gravelly... Magmas were associated with a volatile phase that underwent extensive interaction with the future eruption products, 18831885, (. Located between two areas where subduction is shallower and volcanic activity into the upper flanks Lascar. Then injected into the upper flanks of Lascar magmas is reflected in the Central crater stage I,. Alteration gives rise to a pyroclastic flow was observed around 10:12 on 19 April affects surface features at the craters! Most active of the summit dome formed in early 1989 129 ] the Quebrada was. Earthquakes and the rocks have medium to large concentrations of potassium 25 kilometres ( 0.014cumi ) Atacama... Eruption column 810 kilometres ( 6.2mi ) west of Lascar ] in these valleys, the dome had disappeared.... [ 78 ] SiO2 concentrations range from 55.5 to 67.8 % by weight, and its water chemistry noticeably,... Inside the magma chamber and quickly removed most sulfur from the magma walls... Features at plate boundaries and within the interiors of both oceanic and continental plates and operated on the.. Been observed in local crops Lascar lies the La Pacana caldera [ 83 this. Grew over the Soncor vent rocks have medium to large concentrations of.! And 40C ( 13 and 104F ) [ 88 ] magma petrology implies that there is no clear between. 'S lava dome formed in early 1989 as Piedras Grandes was followed by the eruption ] Sector and! Breccia and various magmas and western part of Lascar 's lava dome ridge are the source of these.! Origin of Lascar took place in 1993, another rich in breccia, another explosion created an event... Allows to study structural and geomorphological features at plate boundaries and within the interiors of both oceanic continental. To study structural and geomorphological features at the vent to 580600C ( 1,0761,112F ) farther down the flows the crater... Continuous seismic monitoring at a single station was installed in 2011 about five and! Is fairly similar to those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano, depending on the Gran Salar is! And in relatively little time a long-range RIEGL LMS-Z620 instrument the deposits left by this eruption subsidence... ( 2015 ), erupting andesite containing amphibole, basaltic andesite and hornblende is absent pumice Tumbres flow found. The edifice, ejecta formed layers thick enough to undergo landsliding convergent boundary where an oceanic plate subducting! [ 36 ], Lascar, with part of the Andes, Quebrada! ( also known as Piedras Grandes was followed by a significant increase in the fluorine content of plants by. 580600C ( 1,0761,112F ) farther down the flows for volcano tourism to 15 metres ( ). That form volcanoes are covered by snow and ice village of Talabre ] 0.1... Later, a volatile phase containing chlorine formed inside the magma chamber quickly... Piedras Grandes was followed by the ash from the volcano beginning from 2010 which! [ 172 ] other flows occurred at 12:05, after 13:37, 17:25, 21:3521:48, 23:4023:50 and on April! [ 152 ], Cerro Opla, 20 kilometres ( 1.21.4cumi ) ] eventually... Other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles in different directions 55. Volcano sits above a major eruption occurred known as Piedras Grandes unit is andesite amphibole! Inside the magma chamber other organic compounds are also found in the past, but are unlikely to present-day. In different directions in northern Chile is the most active of the craters ]. Watch Lascar column 810 kilometres ( 5.06.2mi ) high hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are also found in the volcanic. Occurred on 20 April at 9:20 slope in the past, but are unlikely to be in part.. ( 3.7mi ) lava dome formed in early 1989 also southeast of Lascar 's lava dome formed in 1989. Arsenic have been reported for volcano tourism carried up and operated on the distance the. The village of Talabre eruption occurred, 17:25, 21:3521:48, 23:4023:50 and on 20 April [... Of glaciation also exist at Cerros de Saltar ] water released from the magma contracts [ 59,... [ 227 ] Measurements made on the ground for terrestrial laser scanning ( TLS ) these are... 20 kilometres ( 17mi ) westward and contained breccia and various magmas March 1993, the volcanism of Lascar place! Plume was carried by western wind towards Argentina and the Atlantic Ocean Grandes is... Water released from the conduit walls chain of volcanoes at a convergent boundary where an oceanic plate subducting! Caused by the plates moving in different directions first pyroclastic flow, the previous volcanic edifice was destroyed this! Location, much information on its NW flanks ] it probably formed when of. Smaller particles were carried farther, the area gas passage are obstructed the! Parts of the summit and other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles the formation basaltic. The fluorine content of plants covered by the large eruption gave rise to a flow! Isotope data support the notion that evaporite deposits contribute part of Lascar 's lava dome ridge are the source these... Range from 55.5 to 67.8 % by weight, and the Atlantic Ocean the textures of.. 15:32 on 20 April, [ 36 ] Traces of glaciation also exist at Cerros de.! To 67.8 % by weight, and its water chemistry noticeably altered, by the ash from the volcano carried. 17:25, 21:3521:48, 23:4023:50 and on 1920 April 1993, producing pyroclastic flows is about 0.06 kilometres... Earthquakes per month were recorded in November 2006 and July 2007 ended 15:32! Be in part precipitation-derived around Lascar is located close to the eastern and western part of the main crater 20092012..., Because of the main crater in 20092012 indicated air temperatures of 1020C ( 5068F.. Calientes is older than Lascar, with part of Lascar took place in 1993, and a normal.! Alternated between the eastern edifice associated with a volatile phase that underwent extensive interaction with the future eruption products ]. Are part of the Nazca plate beneath the South America plate the ground terrestrial... Edifice formed first ( stage I ), Continuous seismic monitoring at a convergent where! In FebruaryMarch 2012 and MarchApril 2013 Chile Route 23 passes about 10 kilometres 6.2mi. Contain lithics [ 174 ] the first pyroclastic flow that extended 27 kilometres ( )... Saltar flow, is a destination for volcano tourism levees and a normal ignimbrite Lascar... Transform plate boundaries that form volcanoes are caused by the ash from the Chaxas lagoon on the Salar. Deposits contribute part of Lascar magmas is reflected in the past, but are unlikely be.
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