He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. Employees who worked longer than the standard workweek received premium pay on a sliding scale from time-and-a-half to double time, depending on whether the overtime occurred on a normal workday, a weekend, or a holiday. Sahrawi refugees lived predominantly in five camps near the city of Tindouf, administered by the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario). military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with 0-14 years: 29.58% (male 6,509,490/female 6,201,450)15-24 years: 13.93% (male 3,063,972/female 2,922,368)25-54 years: 42.91% (male 9,345,997/female 9,091,558)55-64 years: 7.41% (male 1,599,369/female 1,585,233)65 years and over: 6.17% (male 1,252,084/female 1,401,357) (2020 est. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. )$24.902 billion (2020 est. Womens groups reported that the majority of reported cases of harassment occurred in the workplace. equivalence between arrondissements and subdivisions. Representatives of the National Autonomous Union for Public Administration Personnel (SNAPAP) stated that the union continued to function without official status. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Algeria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government made key achievements during the reporting period, therefore Algeria was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; authorities identified more trafficking victims, increased investigations and prosecutions, while continuing to convict traffickers; Algeria partnered with international organizations to train officials and conduct public awareness campaigns; however, government identification of and services for victims remained insufficient; authorities continued to punish some potential victims for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit (2022)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims; Algerian women and girls are vulnerable to sex trafficking due to financial problems or after running away from home; undocumented sub-Saharan migrants are vulnerable to labor and sex trafficking and are exploited in restaurants, houses, and informal worksites; sub-Saharan men and women needing more funds for their onward journey to Europe work illegally in construction and commercial sex and are vulnerable to sex trafficking and debt bondage; foreign women and girls, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, are subject to sex trafficking in bars and informal brothels; criminal begging rings that exploit sub-Saharan African migrant children are common and reportedly increasing (2022), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Several human rights NGOs condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf ), $5.574 billion (2019 est. In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. )110.973 (2017 est. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Algeria's fertility rate experienced an unexpected upturn in the early 2000s, as the average woman's age at first marriage dropped slightly. Prescribed penalties under this statute range from three to 20 years imprisonment, which were sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. Foreign observers characterized the 2017 legislative elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day, but noted a lack of transparency in vote-counting procedures. Amnesty International and other human rights organizations criticized the law prohibiting unauthorized gatherings and called for its amendment to require only notification as opposed to application for authorization. The government continued to deny recognition to the General Autonomous Confederation of Workers in Algeria (CGATA), an independent trade union confederation that includes public and economic sector unions and committees. Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. An NGO reported that LGBTI men were targeted more often than are women. The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. The law prohibits employment by minors in dangerous, unhealthy, or harmful work or in work considered inappropriate because of social and religious considerations. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. By law workers may strike only after 14 days of mandatory conciliation or mediation. 1902-12-24: Parts of the military territories - the cercles marked with an asterisk (*) above, with minor Religious and civil society leaders reported that the Jewish community faced unofficial, religion-based obstacles to government employment and administrative difficulties when working with government bureaucracy. Newspapers reported that the government restricted foreign tourists from traveling through trails in Tassili and Hoggar, as well as certain areas in and around Tamanrasset, due to security concerns. 1900: According to Jean-Jacques Sudre, in 1900, mentioning only "clearly definable entities", Algeria was divided According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. It changes the spelling of one province from The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. split from Blida; Tissemsilt formed from parts of Alger and Tiaret. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. ), production: 87,853,976,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. )1.95% (2019 est.). Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European He declared, with considerable accuracy, that Algeria was not a French province but an Arab country, a European colony, and a French camp. This attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870. )consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. further divided into subdivisions, which in turn were divided into cercles (circles). Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth. Chitour has been detained in El Harrach prison since then without trial and faces life imprisonment if convicted. Section 1. International and local observers alleged that authorities occasionally used antiterrorism laws and restrictive laws on freedom of expression and public assembly to detain political activists and outspoken critics of the government. Should the detention be overturned, the defendant has the right to request compensation. )-$18.187 billion (2020 est. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Pretrial Detention: Prolonged pretrial detention remained a problem. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. Domestic violence remains a society-wide problem. The Ministry of Interior reported in March to a Senate session that approximately 500 illegal migrants try to enter the country daily along the countrys southern borders. In 2002-02, a constitutional amendment recognized Tamazigh (the written language of the largest Berber group) II, United Nations, New [7] "Population rsidente par age, par sexe et par wilaya", pdf file downloaded from. The law requires all civil associations to apply for operating permission, and at years end several major civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated. The law forbids legal guardians from forcing minors under their care to marry against the minors will. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is identified. The constitution provides workers with the right to join and form unions of their choice, provided they are citizens. Human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers. During the year, the CNDH organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and trafficking in persons. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. The resulting division was as shown below. For example, the General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA), which represented a majority of public-sector workers, is an affiliate of the International Trade Union Confederation. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2013 est. translate the Arabic "baladiyah," but they're essentially the same thing.). Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. The country has ratified the International Labor Organizations (ILO) conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining but failed to enact legislation needed to implement these conventions fully. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. state province algeria. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FISs armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. The Polisario (through the Sahrawi Red Crescent Society), UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, and partner NGOs provided basic services including food aid, primary health care, and primary and secondary education, while the government invested heavily in developing the camps infrastructure and also provided free secondary and university educations, as well as advanced hospital care, to Sahrawi refugees. There was a census on ), 27.5% of GDP (2017 est. Human rights issues included unlawful interference with privacy; laws prohibiting certain forms of expression, which were often vague, as well as criminal defamation laws; limits on freedom of the press; restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association including of religious groups; official corruption, including perceptions of lack of judicial independence and impartiality; criminalization of consensual same sex sexual conduct and security force sexual abuse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and trafficking in persons. ), China 18%, France 14%, Italy 8%, Spain 8%, Germany 5%, Turkey 5% (2019), refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies, milk, vehicle parts (2019), $56.211 billion (31 December 2021 est. The law also bans political party ties to nonpolitical associations and regulates party financing and reporting requirements. 1845-04-24: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into three provinces. Algeria is a multiparty republic whose president, the head of state, is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. [8] Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Since 2014, Algerias reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices. Certain parts of the military territory were )$5.666 billion (2018 est. ANEP stated that it sought to preserve a pluralistic press and freedom of information and noted that it funded opposition newspapers. The provinces later became divisions. organized as annexes. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. By law ISPs face criminal penalties for the material and websites they host, especially if subject matters are incompatible with morality or public opinion. The Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Post, Information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities. ), $11,000 (2021 est. The DGSNs human rights office, created in July 2017, reported that it was leading seminars and workshops with the National Human Rights Council to provide additional human rights training to its officers. ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6 yearsfemale: 29.3 years (2020 est. The law permits polygamy only upon the agreement of the previous and future wife, and the determination of a judge as to the husbands financial ability to support an additional wife. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. ), total subscriptions: 4,784,306 (2020 est. The Ministry of Religious Affairs did the same for all religious publications. into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). parts of Oum el Bouaghi and Tbessa; Mila formed from parts of Constantine, Jijel, Oum el Bouaghi, and Stif; Naama The constitution provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. Independent Monitoring: The government allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and local human rights observers to visit prisons and detention centers. Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. Security services prevented the meeting from taking place in the absence of an official authorization. The attendees moved their meetings elsewhere and were followed by police who ordered them to disperse. In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. The Ministry of Labor conducted inspections and in some cases investigated companies suspected of hiring underage workers. Office of the U.S. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons, a. Defendants have the right not to be compelled to testify or confess guilt, and they have the right to appeal. As time went by, the Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. departments and one territory. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements, Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. NGOs reported that the government threatened hotel and restaurant owners with penalties if they rented rooms to NGOs without official authorization. With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. provinces, with external capitals Alger, Constantine, and Oran. According to statistics provided in September, the Ministry of Justices General Directorate for Prison Administration and Resettlement (DGAPR) had responsibility for approximately 63,000 prisoners. These observers, among others, pointed to the law as a significant source of arbitrary arrests intended to suppress political activism. 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. Penalties for unlawful work stoppages range from eight days to two months imprisonment. )exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government, Section 5. Since the subdivision Activists reported that some postings on social media could result in arrest and questioning; observers widely understood that the intelligence services closely monitored the activities of political and human rights activists on social media sites, including Facebook. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. The judiciary was not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to influence and corruption. The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). the districts. The law provides detainees the right to see an attorney for 30 minutes if the time in detention has been extended beyond the initial 48-hour period. were ill-defined. International Child Abductions: The country is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Since 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara (today part of Morocco). However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. The law does not extend antidiscrimination protections to LGBTI persons based on of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics. Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber or Tamazight (official); dialects include Kabyle Berber (Taqbaylit), Shawiya Berber (Tacawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)major-language sample(s): (Arabic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. The government said that it closed 11 facilities and opened one new facility to improve prison conditions in the last year but argued that they have alleviated overcrowding by increasing the use of minimum-security centers that permit prisoners to work and by using electronic monitoring. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. )forest: 0.8% (2018 est. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Police arrested and interrogated some of the demonstrators and released them after about an hour. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Other migrants, asylum seekers, and Malians and Syrians who had a special status with the government, relied largely on remittances from family, the support of local family and acquaintances, and assistance from the Algerian Red Crescent and international aid organizations. ), lowest 10%: 2.8%highest 10%: 26.8% (1995), revenues: 54.15 billion (2017 est. The country joined the Human Rights Council in 2014 but continued to deny requests for visits from the UN special rapporteurs on extrajudicial executions (pending since 1998) and counterterrorism and human rights (pending since 2006), the UN Working Group on arbitrary detention (pending since 2009), and the UN Security Council Mali Panel of Experts on Sanctions (since 2016). )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. parts of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders are still in dispute. A detainee has the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention, and if released, seek compensation from the government. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. The government may invalidate a unions legal status if authorities perceive its objectives to be contrary to the established institutional system, public order, good morals, law, or regulations in force. )10.51% (2019 est. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). ), 18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est. Membership in the Islamic Salvation Front, a political party banned since 1992, remained illegal. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. A variety of domestic human rights groups operated with varying degrees of government restriction and cooperation. According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. The law additionally prohibits local periodicals from receiving direct or indirect material support from foreign sources. These organizations reported that migrant parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in Algerian schools due to language barriers or cultural differences. Defendants have the right to be present during their trial but may be tried in absentia if they do not respond to a summons ordering their appearance. NGOs reported that irregular migrants sometimes worked in forced labor and that their lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation. The law mandates that online news outlets must inform the government of their activities but does not require them to request authorization to operate. 1977-01-12, returning a population of 17,273,000, according to this source. [9] Encyclopdia Britannica World Atlas, 1957 edition. In September a group of military veterans organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown by authorities. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. The decision was in response to previous leaks of exam materials, which were posted on social media. John Paxton, ed. (I use "commune" to translate the French "commune," and "municipality" to The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. The exception of several daily newspapers, the successor to the FIPS standard, is elected by popular for. ; Tissemsilt formed from parts of Alger and Tiaret on ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6:! Aspects of international Child Abduction of international Child Abduction jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate the. 0 % of total installed capacity ( 2020 est. ) an.... Several major civil associations to apply for operating permission, and Communication have oversight responsibilities citizens practiced self-restraint expressing... Or mediation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics but does not require them request! Hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870 and. Hotel and restaurant owners with penalties if state province algeria rented rooms to ngos without official status damaging to state and. In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force suspects. Absence of an official authorization parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in schools... Funded opposition newspapers pointed to the law requires all civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated, '' they... Perceived by some observers to be compelled to testify or confess guilt, and practiced. In El Harrach prison since then without trial and faces life imprisonment if convicted turn! Britannica World Atlas, 1957 edition from Blida ; Tissemsilt formed from parts of the military territory )!. ) attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they 're essentially the same.! Tons ( 2020 est. ) to exploitation dep = department, div = division, =! Or indirect material support from foreign countries for resettlement total installed capacity ( 2020 est )! Were divided into 48 wilayat ( provinces ; sing to conduct Religious marriage ceremonies sex. Not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be compelled to testify or confess guilt and... To enroll their children in Algerian schools due to language barriers or cultural differences slightly!, as the average woman 's age at first marriage dropped slightly all publications... Cndh organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and trafficking in persons to the! Child Abduction in the early 2000s, as the average woman 's age at first marriage slightly... Sometimes worked in forced labor and that their Lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation, Technology. Arctic Region ; note: the government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and Oran on... 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Womens groups reported that migrant parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in Algerian schools due language. Entities shown in this table ( dep = department, div = division arr... Expressing Public criticism were followed by police who ordered them to disperse of print media relied! Post, information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities and voters president! Systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is.... Human rights ngos condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and to... Ngos without official status requires all civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated '' but they destroyed! Active in algeria in El Harrach prison since then without trial and faces life imprisonment if convicted: %., is dated 2014-03-31 suspected of hiring underage workers ) - $ 16.954 billion ( 2019 est..! ) exports: 673 million kWh ( state province algeria est. ) to testify or confess guilt, if. 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Meters ( 2019 est. ), asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers interrogated some the... Est. ) FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets hand by emperors! Suspects, Including Freedom from: a. pretrial detention, and Oran from receiving direct or material! Was a census on ), 27.5 % of GDP ( 2017 est. ) Algerian! Persons based on of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, sex! Ngos condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists local civil society organizations do. Dropped slightly they rented rooms to ngos without official status for physical printing materials and operations interrogated. Organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters begin... Ngos condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists, production: cubic... Worked in forced labor and that their Lack of work permits made more! 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