During the dry season the concentrate was eaten as a sauce with millet bread due to scarcity of fresh vegetables. 1996;13:522525. According to De Caluw et al. Focus group discussions consisted of six to ten people and were held in one urban, two periurban and three rural subcounties purposively selected on the basis of presence of a tamarind population. Phil Trans R Soc B. The research team provided information about the study then sought consent from participants or parents and guardians in case of respondents below 18years. Fed up with the silence of the cemetery and the cold breeze that periodically slapped him, he decided that it didnt matter where he drove the nail, as long as he got back down as fast as possible. Econ Bot. Madison: University ofWisconsin Extension; 2003. Scrape the pulp off the seed with your teeth and spit the seed out. We appreciate your anticipation of our new vision. In: Parrotta JA, Trosper RL, editors. DJK participated in write up. You won. Illnesses As of February 8, 2023, 32 people reported becoming ill after eating food from the Tamarind Tree Restaurant. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4314060. Tamarind trees and the fruit have a wide range of uses. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. But they really are good, really! [3] who point out that local communities possess elaborate IK systems which are key for the conservation of indigenous tree species. Results from focus group discussions and interviews reveal that the views held by local people (Tables2 and 3) are similar to the findings of various scholars who describe T. indica as a sustainable resource with positive environmental benefits, having many uses which is available during the dry season when other food supplies are low [79]. Shapi M, Cheikhyoussef A, Mumbengegwi DR, Matengu K, Van Kent A, Sifani J. Evolution of data collection methods for indigenous knowledge systems at the Multidisciplinary Research Centre of the University of Namibia. The frequency of citation (Table3) was a reflection of the proportion of the population that uses T. indica products for the stated purposes as well as being an indirect measure of the level of IK. After all, they have a right to exist, too, and a right to space and peace. Article In the words of one respondent: Planting a tamarind tree is pointless since one cannot live long enough to eat its fruit. They watched together as a tiny shadow, like a lizard, climbed the enormous tree. Figure1 shows the location of study sites. Hung on this tree with his regrets, may he wait for the day of his natural death. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. He cried. The silence worried him. Warm breaths. 2000. It's even an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce. All the respondents mentioned that they made a popular beverage from T. indica fruit pulp (Table3). It raised its mutilated branches up to the sky. How many stories one hears about such and such or so and so who chose this branch for its height or that one for its sturdiness! Planting of T. indica was not commonly practiced by women since they owned neither land nor the trees thereon. We should have never let him go. Responses from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were organized around the major themes. Tamarindus indica/crop combinations in Eastern Uganda. There is need to increase overall tree conservation efforts since T. indica grows together with other tree species. Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing locally made kilns for small-scale processing of limestone because of the intense heat it produces. This is in agreement with Shapi et al. Respondents in Tororo district reported selling tamarind fruit with its shells still intact for the equivalent of half a United States dollar for smaller heaps (1kg) and up to one dollar for a basinful (38kg). Large menu, many choices. Eighty seven percent of T. indica encountered in quadrats grew among a variety of crops and other tree species. Will M. Promoting value chains of neglected and underutilized species for pro-poor growth and biodiversity conservation. His heart was beating hard. Sugar or honey was often added to enhance taste. The tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. The vicinity of a tamarind tree was a preferred site for house construction as expressed in the words of one of the respondents: building your house close to a tamarind tree is advantageous since you are assured of a windbreak. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. This probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. Few plants are able to grow beneath the tree which raises superstition as well. In the study area, fruit pulp and leaves were used for food and medicine respectively but seeds were reportedly never eaten and were consequently thrown away thus wasted. 2008. A quadrat measuring 100 by 100m was laid in each subcounty [22]. The pulp inside them tastes like a fusion of apricots, dates, and lemons. And he began to pound madly with his hammer. This characteristic was reported by 53% of the respondents as the major reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds and homegardens. http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_National_Human_Development_Report_2007.pdf. Nutritional composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and Artemia salina L. Lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica L. extracts. Head high, brisk step, anxious heart. A violent emotion gripped him. Qualitative information was recorded and organized around major themes. The leaves and fruit are used for various medical applications. Quantitative data were processed using MS Excel computer programme. Several beliefs and taboos regarding T. indica persist. If you are confident you know what the tamarind tree and their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree. tamarind, ( Tamarindus indica ), evergreen tree of the pea family ( Fabaceae ), native to tropical Africa. Many urban youth viewed consumption of some indigenous foods including tamarind as backward. In their hearts they knew something horrible would happen. In urban areas, tamarind products were despised by peers and neighbours thus demotivating potential users. What if, somehow, something happened? Such documentation contributes to providing local solutions or alternatives and instilling pride among rural communities about their traditional values [3]. Advertisement. Tamarind grows into a large evergreen tree, 2030m tall [9, 10]. PN is a Professor in the Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University. A group of teenagers from Murungapalayam wanted to test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist. A huge one. Bharucha Z, Pretty J. The tamarind is an example of how the superstitions of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes in opposition. The selective sparing of T. indica seedlings points to the high value attached to it compared to other tree species in the study area. Behind you!, The whole trees moving! India and Thailand produce the most tamarind, and it holds a prominent place in their cooking. Thus, in the past, the Tamils of the Jaffna peninsula always tried to locate their houses underneath such a tree. Who will go after him? No one had the courage to follow him. Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . 2008. p 158. Figure3 shows details of 15 observed T. indica/other trees/crop combinations and their frequencies. The trees continue to yield fruit up to 50-60 years then productivity declines. Lets forget all this and go back home., We were foolish to allow you to do this. and De Caluw et al. Marshall M. Sampling for qualitative research. Coffee, jackfruit, mango and orange were the commonest tree crops in the vicinity of T. indica. Tamarinds can be very sour and I grimaced slightly when taking the first bite. The coolness under a tamarind tree however feels different than the shade of other trees, even those in the same proximity. Tamarind fruit beverage had the highest percent citation (100%) indicating it was consumed by all respondents. They watched their friend go off little by little, making his way further and further into the cemetery. TOTAL SURRENDER TO THE SUPREME PERSONALITY OF GODHEAD, THE PRACTICE OF YOGA IN SRIMAD BHAGWAT GITA, Make The Divine Love, the goal of Your life, Main Beliefs of Hinduism, Sikhism & Buddhism, IMPORTANCE & RELEVANCE OF NAVRATRI (NAV-DURGA) MANTRAS, COLOURS & HERBS. It can grow up to 80 feet in height. The study aimed at assessing the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. Tamarindus indica was located in compounds, homegardens, roadsides, cropland, fallow land, schools and administration centers. Tamarind Tree Provincial Vietnamese Restaurant. Whatever you do, dont turn around!, Look! Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Traditional forest-related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. Uganda Bureau of Statistics. They thought perhaps the tamarinds were poisonous; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit. Suddenly, at the last moment, his closest friend tried to dissuade him. The trees are considered by some to be spirit trees and so another warning states that you should not sit beneath a tamarind tree after sunset lest a spirit follow you home! The survival of very old trees estimated to be over a century old is advantageous as it contributes directly to the survival of T. indica populations in the area. The common practice was to spare T. indica seedlings found growing in convenient locations such as compounds, home gardens or in public areas such as school or church compounds and along roads and paths. Unable to make any movement, his closest friend shouted, Manu, be careful!, He walked as calmly as possible. Tamarind pulp and seed can be used as alternative sources of nutrients to alleviate malnutrition and improve nutritional status in humans and animals [31, 32]. Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. A shudder ran through them all. And its arms stretched longer as he stared. Creative Resources Systems; 1987 p. 11521. 2008. https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20113396756.html. It has the sweetest fruit of all the three tamarind trees on our land. This might seem inviting to someone working hard outside in the Caribbean sun, for taking a break. No plant voucher specimens were collected as this study was based on only one plant species, Tamarindus indica L., easily identifiable by all researchers. Local Superstition & Beliefs A large tamarind tree provides ample shade beneath its branches. 2007;45:2930. World Forest Series vol 12. Today tamarindade is commercialized and bottled in a carbonated form in Mexico, Guatemala and Puerto Rico. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. He felt presences around him. The guard had gone.The moment was well chosen. Being hardy, T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities. Google Scholar. The tree is also grown as an ornamental, and the wood is used in carpentry. http://www.fluorideresearch.org/432/files/FJ2010_v43_n2_p134-140.pdf. A cultural practice reported among the Jopadhola ethnic group was that once a girl who has experienced menstrual period climbed a tamarind tree, the fruits of such a tree became sour. Possessing this desirable characteristic has led to medium sized tamarind trees becoming a target for felling to get the prized hard wood. Its silvery light revealed all the undulations of the landscape. 2005;89(4):6745. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. Delivery & Pickup Options - 1594 reviews of Tamarind Tree Restaurant "Fabulous hidden gem of a restaurant. We indicate the names of villages and subcounties where the study was conducted. The area is located in eastern Uganda and lies between Longitude 33E and 34E and Latitudes 0N and 1N [15]. They pulled him forward. Tamarindus indica was reported as one of the species in sacred groves surrounding traditional shrines in the study area. To 'Whosoever' searching for True Love How to feel Better when nothing else works? Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively). Christian pastor, wife arrested in Ghaziabad after mob makes conversion allegations. They followed an invisible funeral march. Khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi A, Azrina A, Moklas MAM, Khairullizam S, Zamree MS, Shahidan MA. Some African tribes venerate the tamarind tree as sacred. Katende AB, Birnie A, Tengnas B. Understanding the types and extent of IK possessed by the communities in the study area regarding T. indica may be vital in guiding decisions on how the resource can be conserved [2, 4]. Trees begin to produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and in some cases longer. 2010;127:57388. Its trunk was already enormous. Tamarind (Imli) & Myrtle (Mehandi) It is believed that evil spirits dwell in tamarind and myrtle tree; therefore, care should be taken to avoid building a house where such trees are. Figure2 provides a summary of propagation history and silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds observed within quadrats. Correspondence to These 32 people ate at this restaurant January 14 - 17, 2023, and started having symptoms January 17 - 20, 2022. I suggested they try one. For instance, planting fast maturing species for fuelwood and timber may help reduce pressure on T. indica for fuel thus conserving it for nondestructive uses such as provision of fruit and medicinal products. The bulk of tamarind fruit bought was destined for markets in nearby urban areas such as Tororo and Mbale as well as distant ones such as Jinja and Kampala and in neighboring Kenya. They went before him. The bark was most often accessed from the ground. PubMed In beverage form, it was commonly used to treat diarrhea, constipation, fever, and malaria. Our campus uses open hardware as well as open learning tools and other OERs. In the words of one respondent: Only the rich can afford to fell a tamarind tree so we sell at a giveaway price. A shared regret floated over them. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ghosts only attack people who turn around. Guidelines and good practices. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. But at night, you can hear them trying to escape from the grasp of these trees that torment and torture them. California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. (CRFG).Tamarind. What a stupid idea this bet was. What Bhagwat Gita says? Why didnt I listen to my friends? Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. During food fairs, particularly Carnival food fairs, you can often find vendors selling small baby food size bottles of tamarind stew. Traditionally, the local inhabitants bury their dead on the compound or in the homestead. For Sale: Single Family home, $5,395,000, 6 Bd, 6 Ba, 6,667 Sqft, $809/Sqft, at 400 Tamarind Dr, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009 Morton JF. All heads of households or their adult representatives in the selected households who were willing participated in semi-structured interviews. There are no ghosts! Aengwanich W, Suttajit M, Srikhun T, Boonsorn T. Antibiotic effect of Polyphenolic compound extracted from tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) seed coat on productive performance of broilers. Planning your vacation to St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John and Water Island will be a lot easier with this great packet of magazines and booklets. Whats this piercing heat on my neck? He threw his hammer towards the ground; it bounced off several branches. [26] who observe that indigenous fruit tree species such as tamarind traditionally act to build resilience into the Sub-Saharan Africas farming system in terms of food security, income generation and ecosystem stability. Bhattacharya S, Bal S, Mukherjee RK, Bhattacharya S. Some physical and engineering Properties of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. The mature fruit are used to make jam, candies, deserts, ice-cream and in various dishes as a seasoning. Afr J Ecol. No one spoke the whole way there, from the village to the cemetery. There are no ghosts. Never keep dead or dying plants at home. Tamarind trees have stout trunks and spreading canopies . This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. Status and future plans for food and nutrition security in Uganda. Trees were mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick makers. For instance, long maturity period could be addressed by exploring various propagation methods that shorten the period between establishment and harvest of T. indica. 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Land and tree tenure arrangements that discourage women from planting T. indica need to be addressed. Local communities need to be provided with clear information about the nutritional values of different tamarind products as well as economic and environmental benefits so as to encourage planting. Ill nail it through the highest branch.And at midnight! The time when everything in the village is asleep, when everything in the cemetery is awake. He had only one thought: Hammer this damn nail and get back! Fichtl, R. The Tamarind. See a problem? I would have died a thousand times before doing that!, Look, there. Tamarindus indica L. is one of the indigenous fruit tree species that traditionally contributes to food security and ecosystem stability in sub-Saharan Africa.
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