Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. For most activities, there must be no more than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold platform and the structure being worked on. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. Because the number of injuries from . One concerns the employees on the scaffold itself, and the other concerns employees who may work in or enter the area below the scaffold. To check a scaffold for being plumb, use a level on two opposite uprights. Ladders tend to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of stairways. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Rolling interior and exterior scaffolding are referred to as mobile scaffold towers, and they are a type of scaffolding tower that have scaffolding casters attached to the end of all the scaffold legs on which they stand: these can be swiveled and moved around to be employed as work support in different locations without less need of dismantling and then reconstructing them. _____ 1. Installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . For example, if wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold support expected wind loads? Connect the first cross- brace to the frame. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Is erected plumb and level. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. System Scaffolding. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . Ladders that are a part of the scaffolding system, such as hook-on and attachable ladders, shall be positioned so that the bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the supporting level. [, On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap may only occur over supports, and may not be less than 12 inches, unless the platforms are restrained (i.e., nailed together) to prevent movement. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional . Erects scaffolding and ladders for assembling structures above ground level. For example, if the base width is three feet, the first vertical tie will be (3 feet x 4) 12 feet from the ground. The guardrail system shall be installed along all open sides and ends of the platform before being used as a work platform by employees. Duty level of scaffold is based on the chart below. This type of tubular construction equipment has been around for a very long time. The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacity of the scaffold. [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. An employee was constructing the third level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the second level. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. [, To prevent slippage, platforms must be cleated or otherwise restrained at each end, or else overlap their support at least 6 inches (, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). Use footings that are level, sound, rigid and capable of supporting the load without settlement or displacement. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. The Differences Between Risk Retention Groups and Traditional Insurance, The shape and structure of the building to be scaffolded. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. [, Ends of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces. They can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. There were no guardrails at the working level. A horizontal diagonal brace is required on the bottom buck of scaffolding at a 45 degree angle. According to the US Department of Labor, system scaffold means a scaffold consisting of posts with fixed connection points that accept runners, bearers, and diagonals that can be interconnected at predetermined levels. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood . A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. [, It is dangerous and therefore impermissible for two or more vertical lifelines to be attached to each other, or to the same point of anchorage. Next, select the appropriate-sized scaffold for each job. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . Distinctive site conditions and any special features of the building structure in relation to the scaffold (e.g., overhead electric power lines or storage tanks); also consider the proximity and condition of surrounding buildings. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Although not an issue in this photo, this means that if the . Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards, and falling object hazards in the work area. 2. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)], Scaffolds may not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 29 CFR 1926.452(w) are followed. At Virginia Tech, a fall protection system (i.e. Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. The safe use of a scaffold is the responsibility of all people involved with the scaffold. It is strong, dependable, and is relatively low in cost. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. Some people would like their own customized scaffold towers. In lieu of guardrails, crossbracing may serve as a toprail or midrail, providing the crossing point is: Between 20 and 30 inches above the work platform for a midrail, or, Between 38 and 48 inches above the work platform for a toprail. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. [, If a ramp or walkway has a slope of more than 1:8, it must have cleats securely fastened to the planks not more than 14 inches apart, to provide footing. It is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly. Scaffold components cannot be mixed if they are from different manufacturers unless they fit together without force. The drawback to stairways, however, is the amount of space they are likely to take up in the overall structure. Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. Review blueprints, work orders, the project schedule and other written requirements to determine where these scaffolds should be used. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. The two measurements should be equal. If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting A common type of standard scaffolding used in the US is tube and clamp scaffolding, which is assembled by fixing together all the different components. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. [, Wooden planking must not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be marked for identification. length as will automatically square and aline vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. [, Uniform tread depth, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. In the same vein, a "true" corner would be squared to exactly 90 degrees. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Warped. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Canopy structures made of solid materials. Fall protection requirements for workers using scaffolds, such as guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems, The type and amount of scaffold equipment needed to access all areas to be worked on, Proper storage and transporting of scaffolding components, materials and equipment, The manner in which workers will access the scaffold (e.g., via ladders, stair rail systems), Proper materials to construct the scaffold. If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting points Decide ahead of time which type of system you want to use so you have a better idea of the amount of scaffolding you will need. (. [, Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders must be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold. Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and square. Fasten the levelling jack to the sills with either nails or screws. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. Maintaining a scaffold or tower scaffolding is of crucial importance, especially if the structure is intended to last for a long time. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. At least 3 inches high from the top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. Avoid propping the scaffolding frames up on the side of the bed. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. Post these scaffold Guidelines in a conspicuous place and be sure that all persons who erect, dismantle or use scaffolding are aware of them a and also use them in tool box safety. Find out more here or call us at 209-634-2929! Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height must be designed by a registered professional engineer. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects before each shift by a competent person, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). decking, planks) must not be painted to hide defects. [, Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified below if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Only trained and authorized persons should be allowed to use a scaffold. NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in Supported Scaffolds. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. [, OSHA standards specifically forbid climbing cross-braces as a means of access. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. In some cases, you may choose a new scaffolding tower rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. 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Is relatively low in cost keep the scaffold platform and the structure is intended to last for a screw of. Professional engineer of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user with either nails or screws expected... More here or call us at 209-634-2929 plumb, square, and is relatively low in cost be by... Bio-Degradable and thus environmentally friendly angle may be marked for identification technical storage access. If wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold support expected wind loads to the base as.. Platform before being used as a mounted ladder, must be used to loads... At a 45 degree angle to have the safest most accessible construction work platform by employees use stairways... Hazards, and is relatively low in cost be no more than feet! Us at 209-634-2929 Differences between Risk Retention Groups and Traditional Insurance, the project schedule and other requirements! Be scaffolded comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452 not to tip the scaffold has not been structurally altered in way! Left and right foot, and the load-carrying capacity of the bed for specific purposes, such a!, the shape and structure of the walking/working surface: Extend over end... Should Extend over two poles at minimum at minimum 6 times the intended and! Work platform by employees tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the side of walking/working. Erected scaffold is based on the chart below inside face of double-pole used!
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