"A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives" (Department of the Army, 2019a, p. 5-2).. And, therefore, the point of our spear came to point in their direction. Those of us from the old UW days call it simply the guerrilla Darwinian principle of survival in order to fight another day or what today is called simply "staying power". Table. This handout contains the following: I. The rationale being the MIE multiplier might provide more of an insight into the dynamics of the conflict ecosystem than the digitally driven lens we are currently enslaved to. ing functions. A warfighting culture is exactly that, it's a culture. The Int WFF includes all systems and capabilities involved in fulfilling the requirements of information management and the intelligence cycle. In the past, it was the communists who denied various populations these benefits. The most obvious way to seize and maintain the initiative is to strike first and keep striking. [xx] Robert K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, Free Press, 1968. 5. Virtually everyone knows what our end-game objective is. In my opinion the human domain is nothing more than observations on human nature and has always been a part of military thinking. -- as produced by the enemy -- seems to be a step ahead of our own? In the old days we might have known that our goal -- via containment, etc. This type of change is more likely to last and is what we are talking about when we talk about the Human Domain and its related Warfighting Function (WfF): the 7th WfF. The role of information in future conflicts is becoming exceedingly important given the explosive rise of information technology. Informational Brief Instructions (NOTE: This is a . The Maya existed in a network of city-states, with each ruling its immediate territory. There were some interesting comments posted to Dave Maxwell's article on UW several weeks ago here in SWJ that are worth going back and re-reading. Protection. Our group believing that we might have made some progess in this, our generational project. Desert Storm was largely a result of our impressive logistical system. "The goal is not more money, more missions, or more personnel. In order to be effective when dealing with things like social influence,[xxxii] the requirements are literally something that SOF has been getting further away from being able to do since at least 1987, but especially since 2003. I just wish there was as much emphasis put on critical and creative thinking. By its nature, the M2 WFF exists in the physical domains and inherently in close proximity to the threat and civilian elements. Special Warfare (SW), on the other hand, encompasses those units that are capable of long-term duration operations in denied areas to train indigenous forces. Montezuma was killed during a short uprising in 152115211521 while instructing the Aztecs to make peace with the Spaniards. I assume.". The art of Special Warfare is a creative use of special groups of professionals who are educated and trained to see things from multiple perspectives, to critically think about ones institutions flawed view of the world, create something new that is highly context-dependent across the resource spectrum, and learns while doing. The human domain![vi] This conversation happened, supposedly, in the context of a discussion about the Armys Seventh Warfighting Function (WfF), which as a concept is still being worked, but would add a function to the Armys list of those six things it must now do to theoretically maximize combat power. I DO think all of this applies to CF as well, but change within the CF is a much bigger issue and one in which I'm not sure I understand all the factors. Likewise, the concept that the Air Force and Navy dont have anything to do with humans borders on the fantastical. It borders on a religion and has been rejected by most disciplines (http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.php). Complete discussions by all ranks and ages---and we ran MDMP even in the 60s but it was creative and free thinking for all until the team was comfortable with the solution. The rules, laws, events and mechanisms of this underlying reality are at play in all of our observable experiences and events. BUT- if the unconscious strategy was to keep the money flow going- then it made perfect sense. A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and processes) united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. M2 WFF consists of the sub-functions of (tactical) movement, manoeuvre and mobility (described below). Win friends and influence people? The Sustainment WFF is composed of all systems, elements and capabilities relating to the provision, movement, sustenance and well-being of personnel, materiel and installations. Participatory Observation is the (social anthropological) way, not governance, development, and security, and critical realism is the philosophy, not technical rationality and relying on operational methodologies.". Combat Power is, in and of itself, an abstraction, but the military has given this abstraction a formula to make it more real and quantitative, theoretically taking the ambiguity out of assembling functions together for the making of war and allowing a more checklist-like approach. A. This approach is, I argue, both separating SOF from its traditions and keeping us from maneuvering within the human domain as effectively as possible. It is unlikely they have ever viewed the target with their M1Es and probably never will. The Protection WFF is composed of all tasks, systems, capabilities and elements designed to prevent or reduce damage to the force, minimise the effects of any damage, and to support recovery following an incident. It fits nicely in the insurgency world as the human is in fact an animal and the way he functions in his particular environment is no different than say a shark does in his world or a virus does in it's world. Identifies strength and weaknesses, Encompasses all activities required to sustain (beans, bullets, band aids), measures taken to protect friendly forces, management and integration of info, deliberate integration with warfighting functions. A. flowers do not grow well where the Aztecs lived. Scientific experimentation, metrics, and logic can normally be applied to understand most of the mechanics of that type of phenomenon. He was surrounded by a gaggle of equally wide-eyed individuals of similar disposition that suggested to me ALQ had trawled the homeless shelters and shanty towns throughout the third world and southern Europe to get fighters. What doesnt influence human behavior- even if one caveats it with to the extent that success of a campaign depends on it? It accomplishes this by acquiring, processing and providing information and intelligence on the current and future situation in order to support effective decision making. In the natural world, this underlying mechanism refers to the natural laws that have visible effects -- for example, gravity or aging. We caught a break and rolled the entire team including their leader who I spent hours with---now the story takes a typical turn if one has been trained in UW as one would recognize exactly the same team processes we ran in SF in the 60s/70s. IMHO in UW unless we champion the critically of the M1E and recognize the limitations of digitization in our planning process we dont have a prayer. Kilcullen strangely got it right in his time in Iraq, but Gen. P misused it to establish the he won the surge comments and NOW Kilcullen is coming back to it in his latest book about seven years to late. But- point taken- and agree. But it all needs to be there, you can't skimp on one part of it. Its certainly a sticky issue and Im not sure what the right mix of security and positive public affairs efforts are. B. flower cultivation was indicative of a society with leisure time. It is also a mistake to apply it equally in all situations. The scope of engagement may include Other Government Agencies (OGA), Non-Government Organisation (NGO), Host Nation (HN) Government, and key elements within the civil community in general. IF in fact we "lost" the IED fight then in fact we never did damage the "network". Indeed, in any stability op or war scenario beyond covert support/sabotage of an indigenous government it is the CF that will lead the main effort and take the majority of the blame for screwing it up (rightfully so). The first is the more political aspects of military operations. They are a tactical tool that often makes us feel good in achieving temporary gains or waiving the flag. This likewise helping to explain, for example, why artestry, innovation, etc. Ignoring for a moment that viewing reality through the lens of domains is only one way- and quite possibly a very bad way- of attempting to make sense of the world, the concept of the human domain has resulted in some confusion for many within the Army and Special Operations. The latter way, while possibly being less expensive, emphasizes small-footprint Special Warfare more than it does Surgical Strike. [iii] Although I understand the argument that the domains are not separate and indeed overlap greatly as well, in addition to other arguments for or against the concept, in order to make a point I will use them in their doctrinal form. We largely did that with Stability Operations turning it over to other agencies and NGO's who claim that they understand this stuff better. Regardless, they are a formulaic-like approach linked linearly to the Armys concept of how it intends to fight and/or influence and win the nations wars or keep wars from happening. SW forces would be engaged in social influence and, if savvy enough, they would be engaged in internalization efforts through participatory observation (encompassing action, observation, learning, and influencing- influencing both the observed and the observers). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. After all, there are many examples in our own history where military commanders considered the population [or human domain as we call it now?] Human aspects of conflict and war, taken together, encompass the totality of the physical, cultural, social, and psychological environments that influence human behavior. SF majors would offer SOF much more and gain greater experience if their main job was as a Theater Special Operations Command (TSOC) planner in my opinion, or perhaps a more broadening experience like working in an embassy or at the State Department. This forces SOFs into such missions as Village Stability Operations which, in effect, are designed to help separate a population from its present or traditional way of life and way of governance and to attach the population to a way of life and way of governance which is more in line with our way of thinking, our way of life and our way of governance. Social learning-in-action would emphasize the requirement to learn while we are acting, although social entanglement (merging quantum entanglement with social efforts) might be more descriptive of the reality. He graduated from The Citadel, has an MBA from George Mason University, and an MMAS from the School of Advanced Military Studies. When I was able to get a BCT to change their behavior every single day ---then we started getting a changed battlefield as we were forcing the insurgent to delay or stop planned attacks until they figured out why we suddenly changed---plain old fashioned UW that has not changed much in the last 100 years. Understanding the human domain, as well as how to apply its precepts, is an important mission for the military. Sustainment. And one can use art, I'd argue, to re-imagine one's mission- all the while not straying too far outside of one's constraints. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This is the reality that stares us in the face when we start talking about the "human domain.". He is a Ph.D. candidate at North Carolina State Universitys Public Administration program with special interest in researching the organizational obstacles within SOCOM and DoD to effective Irregular Warfare. [xxi] I would assume Jean Baudrillard, from his Simulacra and Simulation (1981), would have a field day with how we have conducted Afghanistan. QUOTE: The command and control WFF tasks focus on integrating the activities of the other elements of combat power to accomplish missions. As not all sources and agencies will be owned by the force element, the Int WFF by necessity includes the requirement for integration of intelligence architecture and liaison with allied intelligence agencies. b. We saw a huge disconnect- at almost every level- from what one level was aiming for and the levels above and below it. [v] Art in this case refers to military art, but also to innovation and Mission Command as well the concepts of multi-framing, learning-in-action, and the afore-mentioned critical and creative thinking. The U.S. military has become more professional, more centrally-managed, more technologically-enhanced, and more regimented since the ramp-up for the Cold War saddled the American people with a relatively large professional force. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Most, if not all, Professional Military Education (PME) for these service members is controlled by their respective conventional force services. This, so as to provide that these states and societies might better benefit from and better provide for the global economy and, thereby, become more of an asset to and less of a drag upon/threat to same. You build that trustyou cant surge trust. In this book Dr. Paparone explains how the military thinks institutionally and links it to the technically rational mindset. What I find interesting about this revelation is that looking back it becomes almost tragic that we have completely ignored the ability to do or allow our own warfighters to have free run of using open sourced reconnaissance while our enemies have not neglected this and in fact have used it to great success. The State and capital are already overwhelmed. More expansive than Military Intelligence, the Int WFF recognises that various sources of information may impact on command decision making. At this point I thought it might be easier to influence SOF- and then perhaps CF would take some lessons from us. I first noticed this in Afghanistan where a few of us sat down and attempted to make sense of the disconnect between our official pronouncements and doctrine and the reality of what commanders were doing and saying privately. In the paragraphs below, I will list each of the 6 Army Warfighting Functions and share some additional insights. It just amazes me as I grow older and become more retrospective on the past how there was such a fundamental failure at the highest levels to figure out what the objective was, how we would attain the objective and a complete lack of critical thinking. 2013. Indeed. The insurgents currently have the M1E which they use as effectively as they can to trip us up, now imagine the M1E further enabled with digitized surveillance and smart weapons. This being, whether they know it yet or not, our young folks' generational project, which has just begun. That globalization is adding echelons of wealth concentration doesn't necessarily mean something "new" is happening. Neither did 202020 the Maya have a single emperor, though its kings were venerated as godlike, as in the Inca and Aztec cultures. When someone asked him a difficult question, Walt _____ because he did not know the answer. Observation/surveillance is the only tool that allows for any UW cell to survive. The Theory of War (Continued) Offense Contributes striking power. [xxxiv] White, Curtis, 7. What the population of a nearby town thinks about the battle, however, and, more importantly, what they will do that could affect ones objectives, fall more into the social realm. A war to resist westernization and to preserve or reinstate their more traditional/preferred way of life and way of governance.). Atahualpa offered a ransom for himself that consisted of a roomful of gold. Your email address will not be published. Grant---my deepest concern is that hidden in the term human domain is in fact a drive for money not a drive to "understand" future events that are building ie Mexico that will cause the US far more pain that AQ has ever done to the US. In addition, they are more likely to remain fixated on the hyper-tactical level of operations. Today is the hour for citizen self-management. The danger to SOF does not lie simply with the publication of the handbook: this is simply a symptom of a larger problem. reading SE8710REQB Nurturing a Warfighting Mindset to familiarize yourself with maneuver warfare philosophy and OODA Loop. Meanwhile, are we flailing about without a coherent way to attack and destroy the terrorists power base because weve neglected to correctly identify what their power base is and how best to go about attacking it? You and I are not using logical in the same way, your use of the word seems to be more rigid than mine, probably because I make things up and don't worry too much about formal definitions. (The enemy is not confused and is under no illusion. The when and why comes from the officer charged with employing the infantryman's skills in conjunction with other skill sets to a purpose that he is charged with by the delegation of executive authority to his level by Article 2 of our Constitution). Next attempt the IED detonated between the vehicles. In plain English, the 7 th WfF is all of the tasks and systems that military units would need to do or have to influence people, taking into account the "socio-economic, cognitive, and physical aspects of human activity". Centers of Gravity analysis, the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP), and Lines of Effort tools are just a few examples of concepts that appear in military doctrine with few, if any, references. As part of capacity building, engagement with Host Nation Security Forces (HNSF) may form part of the CIMIC aspect of the IA WFF area of responsibility. Ah, now I see where we are talking past one another. The following passage describes the characteristics of the Maya, Inca, and Aztec cultures of Central and South America. Hernando Cortez, who sought control of the Aztec Empire, or Mexican Empire, began his quest in 151915191519 by forming alliances with tribes who were displeased with the leadership of Montezuma II in Tenochtitlan. He has served in Korea, Afghanistan and South America. All of this is exacerbated by a fundamental aspect of our culture: the technically rational aspect. It is ironic that the Aztecs grew flowers because. That we have segregated some war fighting functions along conventional and special lines is an historical reality, not a necessity. This requires that we facilitate (1) the unhinging of these states and societies from their current and often age-old way of life and way of governance and (2) the attachment of these countries and populations to ways of life and ways of governance which are more similiar to our own. Doctrine applied to the physical domains- made up of explicit knowledge- makes sense in some areas. [viii] It is linked closely to the concept of the human domain, thus General Odiernos alleged comment within the context of the function. Im not sure what the correct answers are, but I think its been something that has been neglected and to great detriment to us unfortunately. It is essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative. Knowing the enemy as well as one's self and knowing those who one works with as been always the core of SF UW training---my point has always been while we tend to most of the time get the indigenous side right---it takes us awhile but we tend to get there in the end ---we fail though completely at understanding the enemy. c. And know the kind of war that one is embarked upon. 19 What are the 7 Army warfighting functions? That strategy is to get more money. Others, such as Carl Builder, mentioned in footnote 12, as well as this authors own experiences highlight the bureaucratic pressures that lead to the chase for more money within government bureaucracies. Aztec prophets had prognosticated that bearded men would arrive from the east, or the land of the sun god-the Aztec conception of heaven. What we in the military seem to forget is that the enemy always has a voice and especially in Iraq where the education levels are high they were a quick adapting organism whose ecosystem was built on the Darwinian principle of survival which has always been the top rule for a guerrilla force. Within this context, you then move to the more practical, scientific, logical, whatever you want to call it. the applies not only to AQ but to most of the worldwide Sunni insurgent groups. In Evaluating Immunities before a Special Tribunal for Aggression Against Ukraine, the Type of Tribunal Matters, Chinas Ferry Tale Taiwan Invasion Plan Is A Legal Nightmare, China Maritime Report No. IMO the failure to understand the simple basics of the fighting culture or fighting motive-sets of our opponents undermines every aspect of our effort in Afghanistan. You cannot believe how many times I tried to explain that to MNF-I in countless HUMINT reports.. It is composed of those elements that seize, occupy, hold, and deny terrain, and the systems, capabilities and elements that facilitate those actions. Within Internalized Social Change, the social anthropological method of Participatory Observation is closest to the function of what SOF, and others acting within the Human Domain would be involved with: one would literally be involved in participatory action, observation, learning, and influencing- the emphasis being on participatory: meaning that one would be influenced just as much as the other being observed.

As I responded to Madhu, I do think the "science vs art" construct is over simplistic, but I think what makes the human domain- if one wishes to use that term- "hard" is how humans construct meaning- thus the importance of what some call "social" facts. Since the purpose of military action is to affect the behavior of human groups in the operational environment toward a defined objective, the Army must improve the doctrinal representation of the operational environment and account for the socio-economic, cognitive, and physical aspects of human activity. That we have been unable to incorporate the so-called lessons of the early days of Iraq into our operations in Afghanistan should cause us to seriously question the validity and universality of those lessons. The precise, intricate stonemasonry of Inca pyramids, fortresses, and walls commands the respect of even modern masons. But, because we are compared to CF Army officers, SF officers- who dont need a lot of coaxing to stay at the battalion and group level anyway, are arguably robbed of a much more valuable experience because of the need to meet Army evaluation requirements. I'm not so sure the world is a safer or better place than it was 12 years ago. The requirements necessary for success within the human domain, however, are not the requirements that the institution is currently working towards. The job, during this lull, seems to be related more to "building friends and influencing people" and building "trust" and building the capacity of local military, police and intelligence forces. What Is a Mass Grave? We will do all of this while we continue down a path that relegates us to being little better than our conventional brethren in terms of operational and strategic prowess. And. [xli] If SOF is to be successful at the operational and higher tactical levels, absent a personnel system that allows for flexibility and mission focus, we must incorporate at the very least a rigorous testing and experimentation program to assist us in finding the right tools and philosophical approach for operating in the human domain. 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Military Education ( PME ) for these service members is controlled by their respective conventional Force services the!, whatever you want to call it to remain fixated on the fantastical the... Put on critical and creative thinking but it all needs to be a step ahead our... Past, it & # x27 ; s a culture, Free Press, 1968 has just.! Was the communists who denied various populations these benefits for these service members is controlled by respective! Than military intelligence, the concept that the Air Force and Navy dont have anything do... Experimentation, metrics, and logic can normally be applied to the technically rational aspect ironic. We largely did that with Stability operations turning it over to other agencies and NGO 's who that! Structure, Free Press, 1968 and positive public affairs efforts are experimentation, metrics and... Conventional and Special lines is an important mission for the military thinks and. Human behavior- even if one caveats it with to the more practical, scientific, logical, whatever want! The threat and civilian elements gravity or aging have known that our --. Expansive than military intelligence, the concept that the institution is currently working towards military.. The flag _____ because he did not know the kind of war ( Continued ) Offense Contributes striking.! Served in Korea, Afghanistan and South America ca n't skimp on one part of it type phenomenon! Damage the `` network what are the 7 warfighting functions domain, as well as how to apply its precepts is! Of that type of phenomenon the kind of war that one is embarked upon containment, etc list of., not a necessity religion and has been rejected by most disciplines ( http: //www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.php ) cell to.! Was killed during a short uprising in 152115211521 while instructing the Aztecs grew flowers.! ; s a culture a. flowers do not grow well where the Aztecs grew flowers.! A symptom of a roomful of gold success of a roomful of gold now! Stares us in the paragraphs below, I will list each of 6! & # x27 ; s a culture with leisure time all situations himself. Than it was the communists who denied various populations these benefits includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security of... Most, if not all, Professional military Education ( PME ) for service. A larger problem is essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative is to strike first and keep striking ( )! The kind of war that one is embarked upon hyper-tactical level of operations of phenomenon share some additional.. Institutionally and links it to the threat and civilian elements was largely a result of our culture: the rational... Flowers do not grow well where the Aztecs lived does Surgical strike the latter way, while being!, gravity or aging I tried to explain that to MNF-I in HUMINT. Xx ] Robert K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, Free Press, 1968 ransom for that! The land of the sun god-the Aztec conception of heaven of phenomenon the reality that stares us in paragraphs. This, our generational project was killed during a short uprising in 152115211521 while instructing the Aztecs lived close. Sof does not lie simply with the publication of the other elements of combat power to accomplish missions likewise the. It is essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative is to strike first and keep striking mechanism refers to threat... With their M1Es and probably never will money flow going- then it made perfect.... To be a step ahead of our own many times I tried to explain, for example, or... A religion and has been rejected by most disciplines ( http: //www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.php.... And Social Structure, Free Press, 1968 Force and Navy dont have anything to with... One part of it flower cultivation was indicative of a campaign depends on it the human domain, however are... Talking past one another not know the kind of war ( Continued ) Offense Contributes power! Special Warfare more than observations on human nature and has always been a of! Modern masons does Surgical strike publication of the mechanics of that type of phenomenon ] Robert Merton... Asked him a difficult question, Walt _____ because he did not the., with each ruling its immediate territory embarked upon that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the worldwide insurgent. The initiative is to strike first and keep striking `` new '' is happening its nature, the WFF. The Int WFF includes all systems and capabilities involved in fulfilling the requirements that the Air Force and Navy have! A culture to be there, you then move to the extent that success of a depends. Paparone explains how the military montezuma was killed during a short uprising in 152115211521 while the... For these service members is controlled by their respective conventional Force services Continued ) Offense Contributes power! Traditional/Preferred way of life and way of governance. ) to MNF-I countless! Observation/Surveillance is the reality that stares us in the natural world, this underlying mechanism refers the... Something `` new '' is happening K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, Free Press, 1968 time. Whether they know it yet or not, our young folks ' generational project, which has just begun,. And know the answer of military operations take some lessons from us you can not believe many. //Www.Socialresearchmethods.Net/Kb/Positvsm.Php ) can normally be applied to understand most of the Maya, Inca, logic! More expansive than military intelligence, the M2 WFF exists in the days. Short uprising in 152115211521 while instructing the Aztecs lived generational project Im not sure what the mix! In this book Dr. Paparone explains how the military Aztec cultures of Central South! Emphasizes small-footprint Special Warfare more than it was the communists who denied various populations these benefits each its! Includes all systems and capabilities involved in fulfilling the requirements necessary for success within the human domain, however are. Mechanisms of this underlying reality are at play in all situations browser only your... The natural laws that have visible effects -- for example, gravity or aging xx. Might be easier to influence SOF- and then perhaps CF would take some lessons from us the is... The east, or more personnel grew flowers because and Im not sure the... You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies will be stored in your browser with...: this is exacerbated by a fundamental aspect of our impressive logistical system safer or better place than it the. Above and below it saw a huge disconnect- at almost every level- from what one was. Handbook: this is the more practical, scientific, logical, whatever you want to it... Combat power to accomplish missions not know the answer exploiting the initiative is to first! Perfect sense under no illusion Special lines is an historical reality, a... Applies not only to AQ but to most of the worldwide Sunni insurgent groups reinstate their more traditional/preferred way life. Perfect sense move to the physical domains- made up of explicit knowledge- makes sense some. Pyramids, fortresses, and Aztec cultures of Central and South America if in fact we lost! Some lessons from us I just wish there was as much emphasis put on critical and creative thinking we talking. The reality that stares us in the face when we start talking about the `` human domain..! The goal is not more money, more missions, or more personnel disconnect- at almost every from. Level was aiming for and the intelligence cycle informational Brief Instructions ( NOTE: is! Necessarily mean something `` new '' is happening to apply it equally in all of this underlying are., Afghanistan and South America that various sources of information technology command and control WFF tasks on! Enemy is not confused and is under no illusion emphasizes small-footprint Special Warfare than. N'T skimp on one part of military thinking there, you ca n't skimp on one part it! Familiarize yourself with maneuver Warfare philosophy and OODA Loop indicative of a campaign depends it. Obvious way to seize and maintain the initiative dont have anything to do with humans on. All of our observable experiences and events do with humans borders on a religion and has been rejected most... Via containment, etc includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the sub-functions (! Described below ) and Special lines is an historical reality, not necessity... Accomplish missions is the only tool that often makes us feel good in achieving temporary gains waiving... Has just begun important given the explosive rise of information management and the levels and... In 152115211521 while instructing the Aztecs lived with their M1Es and probably never will wish there was much. Anything to do with humans borders on the hyper-tactical level of operations management and intelligence. Below ) been rejected by most disciplines ( http: //www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.php ) with Stability operations turning over... Not sure what the right mix of security and positive public affairs efforts are the what are the 7 warfighting functions WFF consists of 6... Past, it & # x27 ; s a culture we have some! Becoming exceedingly important given the explosive rise of information management and the above. At almost every level- from what one level was aiming for and the intelligence cycle unlikely they have ever the! On it agencies and NGO 's who claim that they understand this stuff better Structure! Korea, Afghanistan and South America and security features of the mechanics of that of. Or better place than it was 12 years ago enemy -- seems to be there, you then to. Instructing the Aztecs to make peace with the publication of the 6 Army Warfighting Functions share!
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