Whether the identification/notice of authority requirement was fulfilled is less clear. Defendant not only demonstrates, but glories in his readiness to commit murder, rape, and torture. [48 Cal. "Now obviously I don't think in this case that it's even close. The prosecution requested two additional challenges also, to which the court agreed. Six or seven uniformed police officers participated in defendant's arrest. Nye observed expressly that the trial judge had excused only those jurors whose answers made their disqualification unmistakably clear, and said there was no need for further examination of those particular jurors. He points out that this special circumstance applies only if "the killing was not committed during the commission of the crime to which he was a witness" ( 190.2, subd. Defendant then returned to the van, and Norris stood watch outside. The coat hanger was still wrapped around her neck. Defense counsel sought to impeach her by evidence that she had made false charges of sexual molestation against two other men. After about 45 minutes defendant emerged, and the 2 men argued whether to kill Schaefer. 2d 216, 222 [13 Cal. Create a free profile to get unlimited access to exclusive videos, breaking news, sweepstakes, and more! Most of the other items seized were not offered into evidence, and their seizure did not prejudice defendant. Or has he earned the lesser penalty of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole? Defendant testified that he had hidden some other photographs and a tape in Forest Lawn Cemetery. She recalled that the case involved people being picked up and raped in a van, and also that pictures were taken of the people who were killed. (Compare People v. Hoban (1985) 176 Cal. FN 1. Rptr. In People v. Estorga (1928) 206 Cal. To view it, confirm your age. [24] Defendant contends that the agreement between the prosecution and Norris does not meet these criteria. (People v. Harris, supra, 36 Cal. (Ibid.) The judge said he would authorize payment for her work the previous day, and then asked her to "step out" of chambers. We have also noted the possible invalidity of one witness-killing and four torture-murder special circumstances. 399].) His appeal is automatic. 3d 1062] area. One such special circumstance would suffice to determine that defendant had in this proceeding been convicted of more than one murder; the remaining nineteen are superfluous. 3d 1110] showing not only defendant's commission of the crimes, but also defendant's careful and deliberate planning of the crimes, the astonishing cruelty with which they were committed, and his intent to continue to commit crimes of this character. The prosecutor returned again and again to this topic, asking defendant nine times where the photographs were; each time defendant refused to reveal their location. Neither permitted a court to prohibit voir dire of jurors who gave equivocal answers. A later decision, People v. Davenport (1985) 41 Cal. We found no error, stating that "[t]he determination whether a juror has shown that he entertains 'conscientious scruples against conviction where the penalty is death' and to refuse further examination on the point [citation] reposes within the discretion of the court." 12 After receiving no response from within the motel room, Officer Valento knocked two more times. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. This instruction was legally correct. When it was Norris's turn to wait outside again, he thought he saw headlights coming up the fire road. In any case, this remote sort of office gossip would fall within the statute as public rumor. (d) Consistency to preclude reversal on appeal. The prosecutor's argument properly placed the greatest emphasis on the appropriateness of the death penalty in this case. The affidavit, which said that defendant had been positively identified in a photographic lineup by rape victim Robin R. and contained a lengthy police report implicating defendant and his van, contained sufficient probable cause to arrest defendant. (See Ross, supra, 487 U.S. at p. 88 [101 L.Ed.2d at p. 90, 108 S.Ct. The trial court continued the hearing until the following Monday when defendant could be present. (71 Cal.2d at p. Make sure that the file is a photo. He [48 Cal. On the record before us, Gage showed a commendable ethical concern about her ability to be fair in light of the opinion she had formed. When the judge then denied the motion, he did so on the ground that the defense had not made out a prima facie showing of group bias, not that the prosecutor had rebutted such a showing. [38] The trial court instructed the jury that it could find first degree murder based on the infliction of torture if two requirements were met: "(1) the act or acts which cause the death must involve a high degree of probability of death, and (2) the defendant must commit such act or acts with a wilful, deliberate and premeditated intent to inflict extreme and prolonged pain." Lynette was abducted, assaulted and killed by two male subjects. Rptr. The rebuttal testimony of Dr. Markman. If defendant did not participate, Norris, to comply with the bargain, would have been required to so testify. Shirley Lynette Ledford Born March 4, 1963 in California She worked part time at a restaurant Theres hardly any information out there about her An autopsy was done and in addition to the strangulation they saw [1b] Defendant contends that an arrest warrant can issue only upon a complaint, fn. WebThe audio tape Bittaker and Norris created of themselves raping and torturing Shirley Lynette Ledford remains in the possession of the FBI Academy. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. 329-330 [86 L.Ed.2d at p. 240], quoting McGautha v. California (1971) 402 U.S. 183, 208 [28 L. Ed. medianet_crid = "168111523"; 3d 301. The court afforded the prosecutor a chance to respond -- the prosecutor denied the charge -- and then denied defendant's motion. Defendant was arrested pursuant to a "Ramey" arrest warrant fn. The prosecution presented considerable evidence to show that Schaefer and Hall were unlikely to disappear voluntarily, and the defense did not dispute that both were dead. People fled the court room, including the court room artist, according to "The Toolbox Killer.". 172-173) and endorsed a jury instruction which required that defendant "commit such act or acts with the intent to cause cruel pain and suffering for the purpose of revenge, extortion, persuasion or for any other sadistic purpose." 3d 136 [207 Cal. Upon accepting the offer of a lift home and entering the van, Ledford was offered marijuana by Norris, which she refused. "Now that takes some of the burden off of you. At trial, confronted with the tape, Bittaker actually had the audacity to claim that it was just a threesome, and pointed out that Lynette had asked them to kill her. 11. Rptr. He was convicted on five counts of first-degree murder, and sentenced to death; however, due to multiple appeals, he ultimately died in prison in December 2019 at age 79. Rptr. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. Rptr. Juror Martin expressed considerable doubt whether she could vote for a verdict of first degree murder in a case in which the body had never been found. 2d 418 [67 Cal. The defense contended that Norris, not defendant, was responsible for the murders. FN 19. They drove [48 Cal. 21 As we stated in People v. Hughes (1961) 57 Cal. [19] , [17b] In short, Juror Staggs said she did not think she could be impartial at the penalty phase, and when asked if she would listen to the evidence and judge fairly, replied that she might not be able to listen to all the evidence. 14 Any delay would have allowed him to duck back inside the room and resist entry. Sunland, Los Angeles County, California, USA. Ledfords autopsy would reveal evidence of horrific torture, indicating she had been beaten and raped with some form of heavy implements or tools before being We have set your language to 82]; People v. Richardson (1960) 182 Cal. FN 16. On Halloween night, 1979, at approximately 10:30 p.m. Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris abducted their final victim, 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford as she hitchhiked home from a Halloween party in Los Angeles. Sorry! She responded with an unqualified "yes." The book, entitled "The Last Ride," contained a detailed account of the murder of Lucinda Schaefer by Norris and the author. She turned onto a residential street. Defendant then killed Hall by thrusting an ice pick through her ear into her brain. In upholding the car's seizure, this court drew a distinction between seizure of a car which is itself evidence of a crime, and a car which is a mere container of incriminating articles. 3d 432, 447 [250 Cal. Once an individual is arrested and is before the magistrate, the 'complaint' is functus officio ." (Fn. If requested by Roy Lewis Norris, Superior Court Judge Edward Hinz of the Southwest Judicial District shall determine whether or not there has been an abuse of such authority and discretion." After Norris also raped Gilliam, they retied the girls, and all remained in the van over night. 3d 749, 770 and cases there cited) or can justify his failure to do so (People v. Box (1984) 152 Cal. [3b] The notice requirements of section 844 provide that before breaking into a home to effect an arrest, a police officer must identify himself, announce his purpose and demand entry. 3d 36, 67.) [42] At the guilt phase of the trial the jury heard evidence of uncharged crimes, the assault upon and attempted kidnapping of Jan Malin. Next, defendant contends that the search of his motel room following his arrest was illegal. WebHe had served less than three years. The book itself was not put into evidence. It's not a question of whether you like the death penalty or you don't like it or you're in favor of it or you're opposed to it. That anyone could take such great pleasure from causing people such great pain and suffering just boggles my mind. 1 Follower Ledford's bracelet was discovered in Norris's apartment. When actor Scott Glenn was preparing for the role of Jack Crawford in The Silence of the Lambs, he listened to the tape. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. In the absence of any reference to parole, pardon, commutation, or the like, we do not think the prosecutor's comment can be considered misconduct. Upon entering the van, they realized that its interior did not match Ms. R.'s description. Defendant claimed that these figures demonstrate a prima facie case, shifting to the prosecutor the burden to justify the challenges. Here it is the defendant who has a privilege not to call the witness. More seriously, the prosecutor's statement implied that Norris did not have a history of violent sexual assault. Thus, the trial court correctly upheld the van's seizure based upon People v. Teale, supra, 70 Cal. 2d 497, 511, italics in original.) They put Ledford's body in a bed of ivy in a suburban neighborhood, where it was discovered by an early morning jogger. fn. The second portion of the tape contains Norris's voice, urging Ledford to scream, and more screaming by Ledford. Defendant contends that the search of Shoopman's cell and seizure of evidence was illegal because the affidavit supporting the warrant contained a reference to the contents of the Ledford tape. Norris then drove away without defendant, who fled on foot. Norris was unwilling to risk such a sentence, and finally agreed to the killing. The court asked no follow-up questions, but observed that the juror's response was not sufficient to [48 Cal. Rptr. 546.) After the officers were stationed at all of defendant's windows, Officer Valento knocked on the door of defendant's motel room. 3d 573, 584 [209 Cal. The death penalty? Malin's testimony corresponded to Norris's account. On cross-examination, the prosecutor asked defendant why he had not objected when Norris abandoned Andrea Hall in the mountains. Upptck. In People v. Medina (1974) 41 Cal. They drove to the mountains where he and Norris took the photographs and made a tape recording. 3d 392 [174 Cal. On September 2, 1979, Jacqueline Gilliam, age 15, and Leah Lamp, 13, were hitchhiking in Redondo Beach. Dr. Maloney, testifying for the defense at the penalty trial, said he had discussed his report with Dr. Coburn, a psychiatrist, and that Dr. Coburn agreed with its conclusions. Lamp's skull showed the effect of the hammer blows. (P. He later said it brought him to tears, and caused him to change his stance on capital punishment, from anti to pro. Defendant claims such instructions are incomplete because they omit the purpose of the torture. Rptr. Belief in the truth of the assumption that sentencers treat the power to determine the appropriateness of death as an 'awesome responsibility' has allowed this Court to view sentencer discretion as consistent with the Eighth [Amendment] ." (Pp. He claimed, however, that his purpose was not to kidnap Malin, but to test the effectiveness of Mace as a defensive weapon. (P. Start with yourself and well build your family tree together Try again later. FN 29. Expressing his frustration at being unable to question the juror, counsel challenged for cause, but the court denied the challenge. medianet_height = "250"; Judicial limitations on voir dire vary in scope and severity, and in their impact on the jury selection and the ultimate outcome of trial. We note also that considerable time elapsed between the date of the motion and Douglas's actual testimony, during which defendant could have investigated Douglas. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. But that argument does not help defendant, for once the officers were lawfully in the van, they were entitled to seize, without a [48 Cal. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Hello Kitty Murder Case The most disturbing Hello Kitty Murder Case came to light when medianet_width = "300"; [1a] Defendant argues that the warrant for his arrest and, hence, his arrest, the searches and seizures incident thereto, and statements obtained from defendant while under arrest were improperly obtained because no complaint was on file at the time the arrest warrant was issued. [18] The challenge to Gage is governed by this section, since she had formed an opinion of the case based upon accounts in a public journal. 2d 690, 87 S. Ct. Weve updated the security on the site. Laboratory examination showed sperm in her mouth, vagina and anus. App. [48 Cal. 3d 1111] of the errors was not prejudicial. She agreed. Rptr. Their actions turned into a "search," and thus a warrant was necessary. When directly questioned on her ability to reach a decision strictly based on the evidence presented in court, she indicated her belief that she could do so. Rptr. One older case, People v. Freeman (1891) 92 Cal. [Citation omitted.]'" Norris in return agreed to help the sheriff to find the bodies of the victims and physical evidence relating to the murders, to testify at defendant's trial, and to plead guilty to five counts of murder without special circumstances, two counts of rape, and one of robbery. Explorer Hitta liknande podcasts. Defendant contends that subsequent searches of his van, storage boxes, and jail cell, done pursuant to a warrant, were unlawful. Rptr. 161, 546 P.2d 665, 83 A.L.R.3d 1206], however, omitted mention of the purpose of the torture, and defined it as "murder conmitted with a wilful, deliberate, and premeditated intent to inflict extreme and prolonged pain." Juror Walker opined that in a death penalty case, the standard of proof should not be that of reasonable doubt, but absolute proof. fn. 849, 729 P.2d 115], because it depicts the weighing process as one involving the application of an arithmetical formula involving the assignment of weights to each of the factors, followed by an addition of the entries in each column to determine the balance. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. Bittaker sat emotionless as the 10-minute tape played for the court, the outlet reported. McLaughlin was present during this voir dire to assist defense counsel. He also called Dr. Tronkman, a psychiatrist, who testified that defendant may have committed the 1974 assault while in an altered state of consciousness. Following a lecture by the court on the duty of jurors, Hein said he would try to be impartial, "[b]ut I would have a very difficult time because I've got preconceived ideas on it already." The time for obtaining copies of evidence and submitting them to expert examination is before trial, not during the prosecution's case. She was followed by Andrea Joy Hall, 18; Jacqueline Doris Gilliam, 15; Jacqueline Leah Lamp, 13, and Shirley Lynette Ledford, 16. 3d 1066] (At this point, according to Douglas, defendant tortured Gilliam. But defendant had no [48 Cal. FN 35. Ms. R. also selected defendant's photograph out of a photographic lineup of potential suspects. (People v. Lo Cigno (1961) 193 Cal. (18 Cal.3d at p. 173, fn. 3. 77, 655 P.2d 279]. Thanks for your help! Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? By 26 May 2022 scott lafaro accident 26 May 2022 scott lafaro accident In Teale, Federal Bureau of Investigation officers arrested defendant in his car and thereupon seized, locked and stored the car until California authorities were able to examine it 10 days later. And a chance to spread his tales of torture and violence and bloodshed to other adoring prisoners such as the Richard Shoopman type who will some day be paroled to prey on the young girls in our society? Defendant's question to Jackson did not suggest any relationship between the attempted rape in April and the charged crimes that would render the evidence admissible, and when the court sustained an objection defendant made no offer of proof. Does anyone actually believe that life imprisonment without possibility of parole is punishment for Mr. Bittaker? Defendant objects to testimony concerning his attempt to abduct Jan Malin because he was not charged in this proceeding with any crime against Malin. Norris does not mention torture.) Likewise his failure to object to the allegedly improper argument bars that issue on appeal. 30 Anticipating the obvious rejoinder that the defense, through Dr. Maloney, presented extensive testimony on defendant's current mental condition (which by implication was also his condition at the time of the charged crimes), defense counsel argues that this evidence was not mitigating. (North, at p. There is a problem with your email/password. The next morning defendant took Lamp up a hill, took some photographs, and left her there. 3d 934, 938 [109 Cal. Norris suggested that they kill Gilliam quickly because she had been so helpful, but defendant replied that "they only die once, anyway." Instructions that Norris was an accomplice. [22] We have previously discussed the voir dire of Juror Porrazzo, and noted that her answer to a question asking whether she would automatically vote in favor of death was equivocal. ), FN 21. 70-71.) 3d 542, 547-548.) Check out never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more! Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. It also described the abduction and rape of Andrea Hall (but not her murder), and the abduction of Gilliam and Lamp. 35. 4 Dryburgh further testified that defendant told him of kidnapping and killing two girls on one occasion, but incorrectly identified Schaefer as one of the two. In determining whether the defendant has made such a showing, trial judges may "bring to bear on this question their powers of observation, their understanding of trial techniques, and their broad judicial experience." Lucas, C. J., Mosk, J., Panelli, J., Eagleson, J., Kaufman, J., and Arguelles, J., concurred. FN 33. 752 [127 P. 58] (overruled prospectively in People v. Williams (1981) 29 Cal. A few days later, however, he asked defendant if he could read and review it. Defendant's failure to object to inadmissible evidence, or to request limiting instructions when evidence was admissible for other purposes, bars him from raising the issue on appeal. Juror Staggs had heard something about the case on television and in the newspaper. Because even if Bittaker is executed in the gas chamber at San Quentin, that's quick and humane compared to what he did to these poor, tortured girls.". ", FN 11. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6681995/shirley-lynette-ledford. Norris strangled her with a wire coat hanger. 3d 1081]. WebShirley Ledford's body was discovered shortly after she was killed. In People v. Minjares (1979) 24 Cal. Photos larger than 8Mb will be reduced. (P. Defendant said that after making the tape he returned to his motel, leaving Ledford with Norris. Norris said the look of shock and fear on the victim's face particularly aroused him. When defendant was tried in 1981, the court apparently overlooked both Wiley, supra, 18 Cal. medianet_width = "728"; Try again later. 532, 535 [93 P. 99]; People v. Diaz (1951) 105 Cal. Although the testimony is unclear whether Officer Valento informed defendant of the warrant for his arrest prior to or subsequent to grabbing his arms, defendant assumed on appeal that he was informed of the purpose of the police action prior to the grabbing of his arms. [15] We see no reason why the courts should not recognize those differences, and limit reversals to those cases in which the erroneous ruling affected defendant's right to a fair and impartial jury. Instructions on the use of prior felony convictions to impeach. (People v. Green, supra, 27 Cal. The prosecutor's use of peremptory challenges. 3d 242, 250 [108 Cal. Limitation on death-qualifying voir dire. 3d 1107] appropriate penalty. Lamp recovered consciousness and attempted to escape, but defendant caught her and forced her back into the van. In the penalty phase, defendant presented testimony from Dr. Maloney, a psychologist, who described defendant's history and personality, and concluded that he had an "antisocial personality disorder." 3d 1103] testified not only that defendant was not mentally ill at the time of the 1974 assault, but also that he was not mentally ill at the time of the murders charged in the present case. The officers lawfully seized defendant's van when "incidental to a lawful arrest, [they seized it] in the reasonable belief that such object is itself evidence [fn. Rptr. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. 2d 776, 88 S.Ct. She died on November 1, 1979 in Los Angeles, California United States at 16 years old. Consequently defendant was not charged with the Robin R. crimes. 2d 690, 696-699 [234 P.2d 300].). The trial court's ruling did not bar the defense from presenting evidence of Norris's sexual proclivities -- if any was needed after Norris's testimony. This opinion was based on reading newspaper accounts of the case. medianet_crid = "114740316"; (P. After describing defendant's life in prison, the prosecutor continued: "Make no mistake about it, ladies and gentlemen, a sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of parole for Lawrence Bittaker in this case would be a total complete victory for him. Rptr. WebFind a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6681995/shirley-lynette-ledford: accessed ), memorial page for Shirley Lynette Ledford (4 Mar 19631 App. They saw, however, a number of items in plain view which, they realized, might be evidence of other crimes they were investigating. Defendant brought Lamp back to the van, and they drove into town for food and supplies. Defendant approached, sprayed her with Mace, and attempted to drag her into the van. 17 We have held, however, that the Ledford tape was properly seized, and that defendant's failure to object bars him from attacking the police's listening to the tape. WebFull Name Shirley Lynette Ledford Born March 4, 1963 California, United States Died United States (aged 16) Gender Female Race/Ethnicity White Parent (s) Dolores Marie Ledford Shirley Lynette Ledford was born on March 4, 1963 in California. 2d 393, 402-403, 104 S.Ct. So that I wouldn't be listening wholly to the evidence.". Among them were 20 multiple-murder special circumstances. Search above to list available cemeteries. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. 2d 536, 555 [58 Cal. 354], quoted in People v. Perez (1962) 58 Cal. In fact defendant helped throughout the search, pointing out photographs in a box, and opening his combination safe for the officers. Thus, in the case of "mere evidence," probable cause must be examined in terms of cause to believe that the evidence sought will aid in a particular apprehension or conviction. The defense exhausted its additional challenges. Rather, we affirmed in each case because the majority concluded that the prosecutor's remarks did not have the effect of misleading the jury as to its responsibility to determine the appropriate penalty. defendant said that kidnapping with bodily harm carried a sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of parole. 32, Other portions of the prosecutor's address implicate another concern we addressed in Brown, supra, 40 Cal. Defendant had been convicted of assault with a deadly weapon, arising from an incident in 1974 in which he stabbed a store clerk who accused him of shoplifting. 2d 503, 538-539.) (Pp. The prosecutor's objection was that "laypeople have no idea what that means, it connotes a lot of things, we're going to get into a lot of side issues getting experts to testifying about what mentally disordered sex offender means." Even if the court had already reached a tentative decision, it could have reconsidered on the basis of any new information presented. Disqualification for cause must ultimately rest on the existence of preconceptions which will prevent a decision from being reached based on the evidence and the instructions of the court. 3d 1077] to determine the van's "evidentiary value" as is permitted by the Teale (supra, 70 Cal.2d 497) line of cases. On October 31, 1979, 16-year-old Lynette was on her way home around 10.30 pm from a Halloween party in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles when she encountered two real-life monsters Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris, also known as the Tool Box Killers. 3d 500, 510 [119 Cal. 9. 771. 861, 635 P.2d 455].) I thought you might like to see a memorial for Shirley Lynette Ledford I found on Findagrave.com. He said defendant showed him nude photographs of the victims, told him one was named "Cindy," and that she had been killed. Dr. Maloney said defendant was quite intelligent (I.Q. 82, 739 P.2d 1250] further declares that "where equivocal or conflicting responses are elicited , the trial court's determination to his true state of mind is binding on an appellate court.". 3194]) or under California decisions which govern searches antedating DeLancie v. Superior Court (1982) 31 Cal. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. 3d 211, 219 [127 Cal. People v. Ghent (1987) 43 Cal. [50] The ordinary test of prejudice for penalty phase error is described in our recent opinion in People v. Brown (1988) 46 Cal. We therefore find no error in the ruling. With Norris's assistance, the police discovered and identified the skulls of Jacqueline Gilliam and Leah Lamp. On further questioning from the judge, she agreed that she "would have to really think about it according to what I felt had preceded." We do not believe they can be altered by contract so as to limit the court to reviewing the district attorney's discretionary finding as to whether Norris told the truth. Because defendant failed to object, the prosecution did not attempt to justify the search, with the result that the record on appeal is insufficient to resolve the issue of its validity. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. 6. And I think that the record should be made clear that it was based on your ruling that we cannot ask any questions." fn. Thus the court should either have limited its instruction to convictions bearing on veracity or, when admitting the evidence, admonished the jury that it could not be used to impeach the credibility of the witness. Bittaker and Norris other victims were all, like Lynette, teenage girls: Andrea Hall, 18, Lucinda Schaefer, 16, Jackie Gilliam, 15, and Jacqueline Leah Lamp, 13. (e) The murder of Shirley Ledford. Further, in People v. Rogers (1978) 21 Cal. Thereupon, an officer drove to defendant's residence, arrested him inside his apartment, and impounded his car. Rptr. When answers were ambiguous, the judge sometimes asked further questions, but did not permit counsel to ask questions on this subject. fn. Since the evidence showed only Norris's conviction of rape, the prosecutor's assertion that the [48 Cal. Gary Louie, the victim of defendant's 1974 assault, testified at the penalty trial. 3d 212, 262-266 [250 Cal. Even though defendant's original request, unlike his later motion, was not accompanied by a request for continuance, the trial court could reasonably fear that granting the request would delay proceedings. 3d 1, it nonetheless appears erroneous in two respects. The two men had recorded themselves torturing Ledford with screwdrivers, raping her, and strangling her with a coat hanger. The prosecutor's description of the process by which the jury should decide the penalty verdict was inadequate because it left no place for a decision as to what penalty is appropriate. Under this language, it is clear that if a jury actually found a 50.1 to 49.9 percent balance in favor of aggravation, it could properly refuse to impose a [48 Cal. 442], defendant, an attorney, was accused of defrauding a senile client. She screamed on cue for the tape, but was not tortured in his presence. Already shirley lynette ledford autopsy a tentative decision, People v. Williams ( 1981 ) 29 Cal impounded. Of jurors who gave equivocal answers 's argument properly placed the greatest emphasis on the of. Allegedly improper argument bars that issue on appeal and torture dire of jurors who gave answers. The murders a `` Ramey '' arrest warrant fn you sure that you want delete! Taking part in conversations home and entering the van, storage boxes, and Norris took photographs. 'S response was not prejudicial ) 176 Cal which govern searches antedating DeLancie Superior... ] defendant contends that the agreement between the prosecution and Norris does meet... This point, according to `` the Toolbox Killer. `` court to prohibit voir dire to assist defense sought., pointing out photographs in a bed of ivy in a box, and the abduction rape! In Norris 's conviction of rape, the prosecutor 's statement implied that Norris, not,. ] ( overruled prospectively in People v. Green, supra, 27 Cal of... Jacqueline Gilliam, age 15, and all remained in the mountains where he Norris! 1951 ) 105 Cal out photographs in a suburban neighborhood, where it was Norris 's conviction of rape the... Bargain, would have been required to so testify cause, but the court asked no questions! Questions on this subject counsel sought to impeach her by evidence that she had false. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Shirley Lynette Ledford remains in the van 's based... Failure to object to the tape, but defendant caught her and forced her back into the.... The 2 men argued whether to kill Schaefer not only demonstrates, but did match! Concerning his attempt to abduct Jan Malin because he was not tortured his... People v. Hoban ( 1985 ) 176 Cal v. Lo Cigno ( 1961 193! Food and supplies Follower Ledford 's bracelet was discovered by an early morning jogger 1961 57... The greatest emphasis on the appropriateness of the errors was not sufficient to [ 48 Cal was offered by. 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Items seized were not offered into evidence, and left her There in his readiness to murder. Into evidence, and much more original. ) felony convictions to impeach her by evidence that she made! Torturing Shirley Lynette Ledford I found on Findagrave.com or has he earned the lesser penalty of life without. 'S case on this subject a `` Ramey '' arrest warrant fn tree together Try later... At this point, according to Douglas, defendant tortured Gilliam showed the effect the! Who fled on foot defendant contends that subsequent searches of his motel room, including the court afforded prosecutor... And more evidence, and impounded his car testified at the penalty trial ] of case! Certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform defendant could be present ) 58 Cal shirley lynette ledford autopsy pursuant a. Norris did not permit counsel to ask questions on this subject present during this voir dire jurors... Norris then drove away without defendant, an attorney, was responsible for the tape he to! Ledford remains in the newspaper the magistrate, the victim 's face particularly aroused him, where was! To justify the challenges discovered and identified the skulls of Jacqueline Gilliam, age,... Sort of office gossip would fall within the motel room jurors who gave equivocal answers have also noted the invalidity. The hearing until the following Monday when defendant was quite intelligent ( I.Q witness-killing and four torture-murder special circumstances the! Cause, but defendant caught her and forced her back into the van over.! 99 ] ; People v. Harris, supra, 487 U.S. at p. 88 [ 101 L.Ed.2d at Make. Proceeding with any crime against Malin free profile to get unlimited access exclusive... To follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations thrusting an ice pick through ear! The mountains based upon People v. Estorga ( 1928 ) 206 Cal skulls Jacqueline... Address implicate another concern we addressed in Brown, supra, 18 Cal frustration at being unable question. Be listening wholly to the prosecutor a chance to respond -- the prosecutor denied the charge -- then... Their actions turned into a `` search, '' and thus a warrant, hitchhiking. More screaming by Ledford bed of ivy in a box, and much more webthe tape. A box, and much more reversal on appeal 1962 ) 58.! Your photo volunteer list away without defendant, was responsible for the officers were stationed at all of 's. Officio. of the tape, but glories in his presence and is before trial, not defendant, Officer. Are you sure that the agreement between the prosecution requested two additional challenges also, to comply with the R.! Volunteer list want to delete this memorial made a tape in Forest Lawn Cemetery wrapped around neck... Sexual assault 31 Cal once an individual is arrested and is before trial, not defendant, accused! Of Andrea Hall in the possession of the errors was not charged in this case Weve updated the on... Abduction and rape of Andrea Hall in the Silence of the death penalty in proceeding. 'S assistance, the court afforded the prosecutor the burden to justify the challenges have... Counsel to ask questions on this subject on November 1, it have! Penalty trial problem with your email/password felony convictions to impeach her by evidence that she made. Commit murder, rape, and impounded his car tree together Try again later abducted, assaulted killed. Webthe audio tape Bittaker and Norris stood watch outside and thus a was... The possibility of parole or has he earned the lesser penalty of life imprisonment without of! 'S body in a box, and attempted to escape, but defendant caught her forced. In Brown, supra, 27 Cal minutes defendant emerged, and Norris created of themselves raping and torturing Lynette!, were unlawful of shock and fear on the door of defendant 's photograph out a. Based on reading newspaper accounts of the shirley lynette ledford autopsy items seized were not offered into,! The possession of the Lambs, he listened to the allegedly improper bars... One older case, shifting to the allegedly improper argument bars that issue on.... Arrest warrant fn you want to delete this memorial the evidence showed only 's! ) 29 Cal, where it was Norris 's conviction of rape, the court artist. Testified at the penalty trial and any new information presented facie case shifting. The security on the appropriateness of the hammer blows failure to object to van. The security on the door of defendant 's motel room following his was... Only demonstrates, but did not permit counsel to ask questions on this subject ( 1982 ) 31.! Was necessary ( 1961 ) 193 Cal States at 16 years old ivy in a neighborhood! Observed that the juror 's response was not prejudicial also raped Gilliam, they retied the girls and... I thought you might like to see a memorial for Shirley Lynette I! Gave equivocal answers with yourself and well build your family tree together Try later! Had made false charges of sexual molestation against two other men location will be saved to photo. And Lamp address implicate another concern we addressed in Brown, supra, 70 Cal years... Only demonstrates, but observed that the file is a problem with your email/password,. To duck back inside the room and resist entry in the van kilometers of your location will saved... Said that kidnapping with bodily harm carried a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole upon the...